553 research outputs found

    Scientific Findings on the Quality of River Buffalo Meat and Prospects for Future Studies

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    The objectives of this review are to detect scientific findings and areas of opportunity in the study of river buffalo meat from primary production through commercialization and to establish future areas of research linked to each step of the meat supply chain to strengthen and improve the production and quality of buffalo meat in the future. Recent studies show that buffalo meat is healthy and that the prevalence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is not related to intramuscular fat consumption. The current grand demand for food constitutes an ongoing challenge for agricultural production. Of course, this demand includes meat, but the animal species traditionally destined for human consumption are no longer capable of satisfying requirements. This review detected gaps in studies of the alimentary systems of this species (including its digestive tract) and a paucity of analyses designed to determine the optimum slaughtering age. Identifying –and correcting– practices that foster contamination, reduce the shelf life of buffalo meat, and suggest appropriate conservation and packaging methods during commercialization are two additional pending concerns. This study concludes that marketing buffalo meat represents a great challenge for producers and researchers, one that requires a multi- and interdisciplinary approach that examines in detail every step of the productive chain

    Imprinting, Sucking and Allosucking Behaviors in Buffalo Calves

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    This paper provides a short review of the scientific literature, focusing on recent advances on the most representative events from birth to weaning, with special emphasis on the behavior and welfare of buffalo calves during the phases of imprinting, suckling and allosucking, based on the differences and similarities reported with dairy and beef cattle. The similarities include the facts that all 3 are gregarious animals whose dams separate from the herd prior to parturition to facilitate dam-calf bonding, and that maternal care fosters the ingestion of colostrum by the young. These species are also precocial and rely on mother - young mutual recognition for calf survival. In particular, mothers develop a selective bonding with their young soon after parturition, although buffalo cows seem to be tolerant to alien claves and are often engaged in communal nursing. In buffaloes and cattle negative emotions are induced by the stress brought on by early maternal separation. However, buffalo calves are more prone to express cross-sucking and contract neonatal diseases with higher mortality rates in intensive systems as compared to cattle. The review concludes that all three exhibit similar behaviors from parturition to weaning although the knowledge about the specific needs of buffalo calves should be increased and appropriate management practices implemented to improve their welfare state

    Manejo de la carga probatoria en el régimen de protección al consumidor

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    Este trabajo permitirá conocer, el alcance de las funciones jurisdiccionales de la Superintendencia de Industria y Comercio con la entrada en vigencia de la ley 1480 de 2011, por medio de la cual se expidió el nuevo estatuto del consumidor, que se define como innovadora en la protección de los derechos de los consumidores de bienes y servicios que se comercializan en el país. No hay duda de que en Colombia se han dado grandes pasos para promover y garantizar la efectividad y el libre ejercicio de los derechos de los consumidores, dando protección a la parte más débil de la relación, por esta razón se exige una mayor responsabilidad y honestidad en los bienes y servicios a los que puede acceder el consumidor, dando cumplimiento a las garantías, y ampliando la responsabilidad contractual a todos los intervinientes en la cadena del bien que se entrega al consumidor.This paper work will allow to find out, the arrange of the judirisdiccional functions of the Superintendencia de Industria y Comercio with the entry into force of the Law 1480 of 2011, the new Consumer Protection law, which is defined as innovative in protecting the rights of consumers of goods and services sold in the country. There is no doubt that in Colombia have made great steps to promote and ensure the effectiveness and the free exercise of the rights of consumers, giving protection to the weaker party in the relationship, which is why more responsibility and honesty is required in goods and services that can be buy by the consumer, in compliance with the guarantees and the extend of the contractual liability to all persons in the chain of the good that is delivered to the consumer.Especialista en Derecho ComercialEspecializació

    Inclusión de herramientas SDR en las asignaturas de telecomunicaciones para la universidad ECCI

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    The project proposes and presents a model of software deployment tools defined radio SDR in the academic curriculum telecommunications ECCI University for undergraduate college. The approach is from a theoretical component which is widely develops the basic principles to understand the different concepts of communication as are issues of digital / analog modulation, filters, wireless communication, radio frequency systems, signal processing, embedded systems, shipping and data reception. The methodology for this learning process is the development of practical laboratories that are bounded within the scope of resources and in relation to the academic content proposed for each subject in the course of the document is to be expressed in detail each steps or processes to perform with clearly defined objectives. The resources used at hardware level is a universal peripheral system Radio with (Universal Software Radio Peripheral) hardware USRP cards that currently owns the ECCI University, the thematic content of each of the areas involved is studied to learn how more optima to adapt practices that have been done at other universities and even research groups.RESUMEN Capítulo 1 INTRODUCCIÓN 1.1 Justificación 1.2 Motivación 1.3 Objetivo General 1.4 Objetivos Específicos Capítulo 2 ANTECEDENTES 2.1 Metodologías para implementación de SDR en la Universidad Capítulo 3 CONCEPTOS BÁSICOS PARA LA RADIO DEFINIDA POR SOFTWARE(SDR) 3.1 Definición 3.2 Contexto Histórico 3.3 Diseño de sistema de comunicaciones usando SDR 3.4 Hardware Tarjeta USRP 3.5 Fundamentos de Modulación para Telecomunicaciones 3.6 Sistemas de comunicaciones análogos 3.7 Arquitectura Universal Capítulo 4 RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES 4.1 Inclusión de SDR en las asignaturas de telecomunicaciones 4.1.1 Análisis del Pensum de Telecomunicaciones 4.1.2 Metodologías para implementación de SDR en la Universidad 4.2 Presentación de Guías 4.2.1 guía 1 - PRIMEROS PASOS CON GNU RADIO 4.2.2 guía 2 - LA MODULACIÓN (Modulación AM) 4.2.3 guía 3 - LA TARJETA USRP 4.2.4 guía 3 - LA MODULACIÓN (Modulación FM) Anexos Guía 1 - Primeros Pasos con GNU Radio Guía 2 - Modulación Lista de Referencias AnexosEspecializaciónEspecialista en Telecomunicaciones InalámbricasEspecialización en Telecomunicaciones Inalámbrica

    Quality of Death in Fighting Bulls during Bullfights: Neurobiology and Physiological Responses

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    During bullfights, bulls undergo physiometabolic responses such as glycolysis, anaerobic reactions, cellular oedema, splenic contraction, and hypovolemic shock. The objective of this review article is to present the current knowledge on the factors that cause stress in fighting bulls during bullfights, including their dying process, by discussing the neurobiology and their physiological responses. The literature shows that biochemical imbalances occur during bullfights, including hypercalcaemia, hypermagnesaemia, hyperphosphataemia, hyperlactataemia, and hyperglycaemia, associated with increased endogenous cortisol and catecholamine levels. Creatine kinase, citrate synthase, and lactate dehydrogenase levels also increase, coupled with decreases in pH, blood bicarbonate levels, excess base, partial oxygen pressure, and oxygen saturation. The intense exercise also causes a marked decrease of glycogen in type I and II muscle fibres that can produce myoglobinuria and muscular necrosis. Other observations suggest the presence of osteochondrosis. The existing information allows us to conclude that during bullfights, bulls face energy and metabolic demands due to the high intensity and duration of the exercise performed, together with muscular injuries, physiological changes, and high enzyme concentrations. In addition, the final stage of the bullfight causes a slow dying process for an animal that is sentient and conscious of its surroundings.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Behaviour and Welfare of Dairy Buffaloes: Pasture or Confinement?

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    This review seeks to integrate recent scientific findings on the behaviour of buffalo cows in different production systems. These issues are discussed in relation to the level of welfare that buffalo cows experience under different production systems. In extensive conditions, the level of welfare is high because the animals are free to express natural behaviours related to feeding (grazing, ruminating) and rest. In contrast, intensified livestock-raising methods and techniques (machine-milking, artificial breeding etc.), first developed for dairy cattle are increasingly being used with water buffaloes in order to increase milk production. Greater knowledge of the biology of dairy buffaloes in aspects linked to physiology, behaviour, and health, together with needed adjustments to their production systems, will indicate options for improving the levels of comfort and welfare of these animals and contribute to increasing the efficiency of this type of dairy production. It is necessary to appreciate the importance of welfare within the entire chain of animal production since each of the scientific aspects considered in this manuscript reflects that animal welfare is not an absolute term, but multidisciplinary, with direct consequences on productivity. The welfare of animals in the production systems must be considered with the aim of ensuring an adequate nutritional, clinical, sanitary and behavioural status of the animals. When these aspects are achieved, production can be maximized and, for this reason, it is essential to maintain a balance between welfare and productivity

    River Buffalo Meat Production and Quality: Sustainability, Productivity, Nutritional and Sensory Properties

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    One of the most important challenges facing today’s society is feeding a growing world population. This review aims to examine the available information to assess the potential of river buffalo as a meat producer with a focus on the sustainability of the supply chain and on meat quality in terms of nutritional and sensory properties. Traditionally, buffalo meat came from old, culled animals in rural agricultural regions where animals were slaughtered at the end of their productive life as dairy or draught animals. Therefore, the meat had low quality. However, when younger animals are used, buffalo meat is generally well appreciated by consumers. Buffaloes can adapt to different production systems and convert poor-quality high fiber feedstuffs into high-quality products, including meat, with a lower degree of competition with human nutrition. In addition, although requiring more land, extensive production systems may have lower environmental impacts due to the low inputs used in the productive process and show higher levels of animal welfare. Although weight gains and dressing percentages are generally lower than in cattle, the meat is characterized by better nutritional properties (low fat and cholesterol contents, high-quality protein, and unsaturated fatty acids). In addition, the use of appropriate production systems might improve its sensory properties. Therefore, buffalo meat may be considered a good option to meet the increasing demand for food for human consumption

    Similarities and Differences between River Buffaloes and Cattle: Health, Physiological, Behavioral and Productivity Aspects

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    The river buffalo is an emerging production species worldwide; indeed, it is overtaking other cattle as a producer of meat and milk in some countries. Though both species belong to the Bovidae family, they show significant anatomical, physiological, and behavioral differences due to their different phylogenetic positions. The river buffalo is a rustic animal that can benefit from low-quality, fibrous forages due to its digestive system, in contrast to beef cattle or dairy cows. Besides, the buffalo cow’s reproductive apparatus has fewer cervical muscle rings and a shorter vagina and cervix. This species has maintained its seasonal breeding pattern, also in contrast to Bos indicus and Bos taurus. Even though buffaloes have an inefficient thermoregulating system, scarce hair, and a thicker epidermis, they are more resistant to tropical weather conditions if water for wallowing is available than dairy cows, which in turn adapt better to temperate zones. Due to the morphology of the river buffalo’s mammary glands, they produce less milk, while their conical teats with narrower sphincters decrease predisposition to mastitis compared to dairy cows. Thus, the study of the anatomical and physiological differences among river buffalo, Bos Taurus, and Bos Indicus will allow the implementation of strategies to improve the former’s productivity while also increasing welfare levels according to the production system in which they are raised

    Formación ciudadana : un camino hacia la transformación de la convivencia escolar

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    RESUMEN: En la cotidianidad de los contextos educativos es posible observar que situaciones de trato hostil entre estudiantes, que van desde el maltrato verbal hasta la agresión física, el bullying, matoneo o cyber-bullying, representan una problemática de convivencia que no se logra minimizar de forma significativa, pese a las diferentes acciones y proyectos emprendidos ante ésta en el ámbito institucional, derivadas de las políticas públicas planteadas desde el Ministerio de Educación Nacional en materia de convivencia escolar. En este escenario, cobra vital importancia el papel del docente, quien deberá configurarse como un posibilitador de la mediación entre pares frente a los conflictos cotidianos y contribuir a la formación de los estudiantes como seres críticos de esa realidad que les circunda, estudiantes con la capacidad de reconocerse como actores dentro del conflicto y al mismo tiempo contar con las herramientas necesarias para trasformar su accionar ante éste, favoreciendo la convivencia escolar. Surge así, la FC como una alternativa en la tarea de educar en un ambiente democrático, donde se reconozca, se respete y se valore la diversidad como característica inherente al ser humano, en otras palabras la FC pensada como el camino para educar en el respeto por la diferencia, la misma que frecuentemente, propicia el conflicto con el otro. En este sentido, se desarrolló el presente trabajo de investigación, a la luz del método Investigación - Acción Educativa, con el propósito de identificar las características de la convivencia escolar entre los estudiantes del grado tercero de la Institución Educativa La Milagrosa del municipio de Bello y los grupos Séptimo B y Séptimo Tres de las Instituciones Educativas El Salvador del municipio de Pueblorrico y Santo Tomás de Aquino del municipio de Guarne, respectivamente, para luego diseñar e implementar una propuesta didáctica en Ciencias Sociales sobre FC valorando los resultados que este acompañamiento arrojó en cuanto al mejoramiento de la convivencia escolar.ABSTRACT: In education settings is possible to see hostile treatment between students such as physical aggression, bullying or cyberbullying, they represent a problem of conviviality that is not achieved to minimize totally, in spite of the different actions and projects the Government had taken to remedy the situation. In this area it is important the role of teacher who must be a mediator between students in the daily conflicts and to contribute in their training, because they are critical and they have the aptitude to be recognized themselves inside the conflict and the same time they have tools to transform theirs actions to improve the school conviviality. Citizen Education is an alternative to educate in a democratic environment where it is recognized and is respected the diversity. In others words, the Citizen Education is the way to educate in the respect for other one. In this respect, this research work realized by the Investigation – Educational action method, has the intention of identifying the characteristics of the school conviviality between the students of third and seventh degree of Educational Institutions La Milagrosa (Bello), El Salvador (Pueblorrico) and Santo Tomás (Guarne). Then a didactic offer is designed and implemented in Social Sciences about Citizen Education and finally, to interpret results about the improved of School Socialization

    Thermoregulation mechanisms and perspectives for validating thermal windows in pigs with hypothermia and hyperthermia: An overview

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    Specific anatomical characteristics make the porcine species especially sensitive to extreme temperature changes, predisposing them to pathologies and even death due to thermal stress. Interest in improving animal welfare and porcine productivity has led to the development of various lines of research that seek to understand the effect of certain environmental conditions on productivity and the impact of implementing strategies designed to mitigate adverse effects. The non-invasive infrared thermography technique is one of the tools most widely used to carry out these studies, based on detecting changes in microcirculation. However, evaluations using this tool require reliable thermal windows; this can be challenging because several factors can affect the sensitivity and specificity of the regions selected. This review discusses the thermal windows used with domestic pigs and the association of thermal changes in these regions with the thermoregulatory capacity of piglets and hogs
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