Fatty acids, minerals, phenolics and vitamins in the seeds of <i>Inocarpus fagifer</i>, a Pacific Island underutilized legume

Recently, Pacific nations have faced to alarming increase in prevalence of noncommunicable diseases connected with consumption of non-traditional processed food. It is believed that re-introduction of native diet may mitigate these negative trends. One of the traditional staple food of Pacific region are seeds of underutilized leguminous tree Inocarpus fagifer. Nevertheless, information on their chemical composition and nutritional properties are missing. Therefore we decided to analyze this crop for the presence of fatty acids, minerals, phenolics and vitamins. Performed analyses revealed a slightly predominating portion of unsaturated (e.g. 18:2 n-6; 18:1 n-9 and 18:3α n-3) over saturated (e.g. C18 and C16) fatty acids. Considering minerals, the substantial concentrations of copper, magnesium, manganese, potassium and zinc (19.32; 1823.21; 8.44; 23308.41 and 77.99 mg kg-1 of dry matter respectively) were recorded. Ferulic and coumaric acids were the most abundant phenolics (3.23 and 1.48 mg kg-1 of dry matter respectively), whereas flavonoids, isoflavonoids and coumestrol were also present. Regarding vitamins, niacin and riboflavin were found in respective concentrations 131.80 and 4.47 mg kg-1 of dry matter. Our findings suggest I. fagifer seeds as a prospective food source of several health-beneficial constituents which might contribute to the well-being of Pacific islanders.   The online version of this article (doi: 10.5073/JABFQ.2016.089.034) contains a supplementary file

Feed Insects as a Reservoir of Granadaene-Producing Lactococci

Insects are a component of the diet of different animal species and have been suggested as the major source of human dietary protein for the future. However, insects are also carriers of potentially pathogenic microbes that constitute a risk to food and feed safety. In this study, we reported the occurrence of a hemolytic orange pigmented producing phenotype of Lactococcus garvieae/petauri/formosensis in the fecal microbiota of golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia) and feed larvae (Zophobas atratus). Feed insects were identified as a regular source of L. garvieae/petauri/formosensis based on a reanalysis of available 16S rRNA gene libraries. Pan-genome analysis suggested the existence of four clusters within the L. garvieae/petauri/formosensis group. The presence of cyl cluster indicated that some strains of the L. garvieae/petauri/formosensis group produced a pigment similar to granadaene, an orange cytotoxic lipid produced by group B streptococci, including Streptococcus agalactiae. Pigment production by L. garvieae/petauri/formosensis strains was dependent on the presence of the fermentable sugars, with no pigment being observed at pH <4.7. The addition of buffering compounds or arginine, which can be metabolized to ammonium, restored pigment formation. In addition, pigment formation might be related to the source of peptone. These data suggest that edible insects are a possible source of granadaene-producing lactococci, which can be considered a pathogenic risk with zoonotic potential.ISSN:1664-302