Chemosystematic significance of flavonoids isolated from <i>Diplotaxis acris</i> (Brassicaceae) and related taxa

<p>The chemosystematic relationship of four <i>Diplotaxis</i> species; <i>Diplotaxis acris</i>, <i>Diplotaxis erucoides</i>, <i>Diplotaxis harra</i> and <i>Diplotaxis muralis</i> were surveyed from the flavonoids point of view. These species were found to produce 33 flavonoids (7 flavones and 26 flavonols), including 11 compounds were isolated in the present study from <i>D. acris</i>. Among them, seven flavonoids were identified for the first time; luteolin (<b>4</b>), kaempferol (<b>8</b>), kaempferol 3-<i>O</i>-<i>β</i>-glucopyranoside-7-<i>O</i>-<i>α</i>-rhamnopyranoside (<b>13</b>), quercetin 3-<i>O</i>-<i>β</i>-glucopyranoside (<b>16</b>), quercetin 7-<i>O</i>-<i>β</i>-glucopyranoside (<b>20</b>), isorhamnetin (<b>22</b>) and isorhamnetin 3-<i>O</i>-<i>β</i>-glucopyranoside-7-<i>O</i>-<i>α</i>-rhamnopyranoside (<b>32</b>). Their structures were recognized on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic techniques (1D & 2D NMR, UV, EI & ESI/MS). The isolated flavonoids may provide useful taxonomic characters at the infraspecific levels of classification where the flavonoid profile of <i>D. acris</i> and <i>D. harra</i> is similar and different from the other species.</p

Phytochemical constituents and chemosystematic significance of <i>Chrozophora tinctoria</i> (L.) Raf

<p>Twelve compounds were isolated from <i>Chrozophora tinctoria</i> (L.) Raf. They were identified as kaempferol, kaempferol 3-<i>O</i>-β-glucopyranoside, kaempferol 3-<i>O</i>-(6″-α-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-glucopyranoside, quercetin, quercetin 3-<i>O</i>-β-glucopyranoside, quercetin 3-<i>O</i>-(6″-α-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-glucopyranoside, apigenin, apigenin 7-<i>O</i>-β-glucopyranoside, acacetin, gallic acid, methyl gallate and β-sitosterol-3-<i>O</i>-β-glucopyranoside. Their structures were elucidated by chemical and spectral methods. Furthermore, chemosystematics of the isolated compounds is briefly discussed. It was indicated that <i>C. tinctoria</i> is the only species of <i>Chrozophora</i> that has the capability to synthesis kaempferol aglycone and their glycosides, and the finding is supported by its distinct morphological and anatomical aspects.</p