Concrete-defect detection using new ultrasonic array

Concrete is the main component in construction of civil infrastructure. However, deformation in concrete such as crack or void may occur either on its early stage or during its usage. Hence, concrete evaluation is a need in determining its strength and quality status. Direct Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) method is the most common non-destructive measurement adopted to assess the condition of concrete structure. However, problems arise when there is limited accessible surface to probe the ultrasonic transducers. Hence, this project is undertaken to analyse ultrasonic NDT by utilising different arrangement of sensors on tested concrete. The simulation of the homogenous and non-homogenous concrete system will be done by using COMSOL Multiphysics software. The output signal obtained from the simulation is used for the image reconstruction by using the sensitivity mapping technique. The results are then validated by assessing the actual model of concrete structure using direct, indirect, and semi-direct UPV probing in order to get the exact location of defects. Preliminary result shows that proposed method can help to improve the defects determination in concrete structure

NDT-defect detection on concrete using ultrasonic: a review

Non-destructive test (NDT) is widely used in industrial applications due to its reliability as well as flexibility. Rather than other methods, NDT is more suitable and practical to be performed in order to detect flaws and deterioration in concrete structures. This paper provides a review by studying various research works on concrete by performing ultrasonic technique NDT. In particular, the working principle of ultrasonic NDT, type of sensor and techniques adopted in ultrasonic NDT are briefly described in this paper. Further research based on preliminary data will be conducted to improve previous experimental work

A study on the arrival time of ultrasonic waves in concrete material

Concrete is one of the most critical materials being used in construction project. Ultrasonic testing is a conventional non-destructive test method, that is adopted to evaluate the condition and quality of concrete structure. This is important to ensure the strength and resilience of built structures. This paper aims to assess the arrival time of the ultrasonic waves in concrete structure by employing ultrasonic through-transmission method. A simulation study was performed in COMSOL Multiphysics software. Data were collected and structured into three sections, including in homogenous concrete model, as well as concrete model with inclusion of air voids and cracks. This study investigates the influence of size of air voids and position of cracks on the arrival time of the received ultrasonic signal. The waves diffraction at the defects increase the arrival time of the received signal

Tomography system towards the industrial revolution 4.0

The world developed rapidly to provide better standard of living to the human being. Industrial revolution 4.0 promising in great revenue, investment and technological advancement to the society and various sectors. This paper presents an overview of tomography system towards the industrial revolution 4.0. Tomography is essentially a technique for showing an image representation through solid objects, such as a pipeline or the human body, in the two-dimensional and three-dimensional cross sections. Several tomography sensors, including optical tomography systems, ultrasonic tomography systems and an electrical tomography system, are discussed in terms of their hardware and image reconstruction. To provide a clear view of tomography system, a few examples of tomography system application in medical and process industries are discussed

Simulation study on CCD tomography system for ruby stone optical properties

Ninety percent of the ruby stones available worldwide come from Myanmar. Malaysia is known to be one of the countries that have been importing ruby stones for precious stone industries, manufacturing industries, medical and dentistry applications. There are several gemology tools which are used to investigate the grading of ruby stones such as loop, microscope, and dichroscope. Nevertheless, these tools are highly dependable on human visual assessment and require years of experience that may lead to error since ruby stone quality is evaluated based on its clarity and transparency. Hence, this paper addresses a simulation study on the optical properties of ruby stones via Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) Tomography approach. This paper indicates the capability of CCD and tomography system to analyze the ruby stone optical properties through image reconstruction based on the previous research. Linear Back Projection (LBP) algorithm will be used to construct two-dimensional image reconstruction of varieties ruby stones. From these image reconstructions, the transparency and blemishes of ruby stones can be analyzed

Analysis on clarity of rubies gemstones using charge-coupled device (CCD)

Ruby is one of the most precious gemstones on Earth that is always high in demand especially in the jewelry industries. Due to its high value and very expensive, a lot of imitation of ruby has been made. This results in the rising of more complicated issues as gemologists need to perform the grading valuation very carefully and precisely. The current and common grading techniques mostly depend on human vision, which eventually leads to error. This paper aims to analyze the clarity of rubies gemstones using Charge-Coupled Device (CCD). The CCD detects the light intensity and then convert the light intensity value into the voltage value. The CCD sensor is very special in its architecture design, consisting of more than 1000 very small pixels that are sensitive to light sources. Based on the previous research, CCD has high sensitivity to laser light source with wavelength range within 430 nm to 650 nm. This research is going to prove that CCD is able to detect the clarity of various grading of the pink to blood-red ruby stones

Investigation of solid velocity measurement using single-plane versus dual-plane of electrical capacitance tomography for coal power plant application

Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) is a visualization tomographic modality that provides cross-sectional distribution information of any kind of multiphase flow. The paper aims to overcome the problems in the coal power plant which are sedimentation of pulverised coal in the piping system before entering boiler system and non-uniform of its velocity. A single plane and dual-plane experiment were carried out to measure the solid velocity of PMMA material. Eight electrodes for each plane was implemented in this research. The single plane ECT system was able to determine the average axial velocity of the PMMA ball as it can be applied manually if there is no expensive software was implemented. Besides, the velocity measurement using dual-plane ECT sensor through the application of Parseval’s theorem and adaptation of parabolic fit interpolation method showed accurate results with the highest percentage error of 1.94%

Gas-solid two-phase flow of pulverized coal by ECT: a review

Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) is a non-intrusive and non-invasive internal visualization tool that facilitates improved quantification by producing cross-sectional distribution information for any kind of multiphase flow. In a coal-fired power station, there are some concerning issues such as the sedimentation of pulverized coal in the piping system before it reaches the boiler system and the non-uniformity of its velocity, which contributes to a reduction in electricity generation and higher carbon dioxide emissions. The aim of this paper is to provide a review based on various research works on pulverized coal that utilized ECT system. This paper also consists of principle of ECT, image reconstruction, and velocity measurement. Further research and works will be executed based on the preliminary data gained to improve the existing works

A Study on the Self-Sustaining Solar Module by Utilizing Solar Cell from Non-Degradable Waste

ABSTRACTPresently, Malaysia is fostering growth in the green energy sector in order to reduce its carbon emissions and contribute in the fight against global warming. Renewable Energy (RE) such as solar cell could no longer be considered as a green technology because at the end of their lifecycle, they become non- biodegradable waste which in turn constitutes pollution and contributes to global warming. Thus, the aim of this research is to study a self-sustaining solar module produced by upcycling solar cells from non- biodegradable waste. Several solar cells from electronic devices were reused in this study. The results obtained show that a combination of 4V, 3V and 2V reused solar cells produced 10.20V and 47.9mW of power. This indicates that the proposed upcycled solar module is feasible and has the potential to aid in the promotion of clean and renewable energy use in order to attain the desired sustainable development goals.Keywords: solar module, self-sustaining, solar cell, non-degradable wast

Cyber-Physical System (CPS) Application- A REVIEW

Due to its vast number of suitable applications, Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) has been one of the emerging and rapidly-developed technologies in modern life. Its applications can be integrated and deployed in numerous sectors, for instance the automobile, home appliances, medical and industrial sectors. This field has seen immense development and research taking place, including the architecture model, security, communications mode, control systems model and also signal processing. CPS plays an important role in Industrial Revolution 4.0, where it is an integration of urbane network with intelligent production or process system. CPS main objective is to control the global networks with high credibility of data secured.  This paper is basically a review of the CPS architectures, characteristics and its applications in daily basis. This review paper discusses how CPS are implemented in various industries and how it improves the efficiency of a system or application. Additionally, security enhancements in certain aspects of CPS application will also be reviewed and addressed