In vitro susceptibility testing of wheat lines used for cultivation in Yazd province against an aflatoxicogen aspergillus flovus

Background and aim: Wheat is one of the most common and important cereals with the highest cultivation rate in Iran, which highly is susceptible to contaminate with fungi particularly aflatoxinogen fungi. Using the resistant wheat lines for cultivation can be useful in controlling of wheat and food contamination to aflatoxin. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the susceptibility of the wheat، which introduced by agricultural research centre for cultivation in Yazd, against contamination with Aspergillus flavus aflatoxinogen fungi. Methods: In the current experimental study ten lines of wheat, which introduced by Yazd agricultural research centre for cultivation in Yazd province were used for an In vitro evaluation of their susceptibility to contamination with 1×103 conidia of Aspergillus flavus. After 48 hours the final conidia of fungus on the wheat were counted and data analyzed using Kruskal-wallis, Pearson correlation and other statistical tests. Results and conclusion: Kavir, Rhosan and Shiraz wheat samples with the mean counting of 118500, 152500, and 122000 CFU/ml (colony forming units) of Aspergillus conidia، known as the most three resistant wheat strain respectively in this study. Sistan and Akbari wheat strains with the mean561500 and 460500 CFU/ml showed the highest susceptibility rate to contamination with Aspergillus flavus conidia (P0.05). Conclusion: However proper storage of wheat can prevent growth of microorganisms, cultivation of the resistant wheat lines can produce the resistant products and help for controlling and prevention of contamination with fungi

Gaucher Disease: New Expanded Classification Emphasizing Neurological Features

 Gaucher disease (GD) is a rare inherited metabolic disorder and themost common lysosomal storage disorder, caused by a deficiency inglucocerebrosidase enzyme activity. It has been classified accordingto the neurological manifestations into three types: type 1, withoutneuropathic findings, type 2 with acute infantile neuropathic signsand type 3 or chronic neuropathic form. However, report of newvariants has led to the expansion of phenotype as a clinical phenotypeof GD considered as a continuum of phenotypes. Therefore, it seemsthat a new classification is needed to cover new forms of the disease. Keywords: Gaucher disease; Neurological manifestations; Phenotypes

Investigating the strengths and future opportunities for fulfillment of objectives and growth expectations in pre- elementary school

The aim of present study is to determine the strengths and future opportunities for fulfillment of objectives pre- elementary school. The study method is descriptive- traverse. The statistical society includes all principals and trainers in pre- school centers of Esfahan city in school year of 2012-2013. The total number of them has been 1550 individuals. The statistical sample was assessed as 280 individuals among this number by using sample volume formula. The above sample was selected using cluster random sampling method in proportion to sample volume. The two tools of questionnaire and interview were used to gather information. Descriptive and inference statistics were used to analyze data resulting from study. The resulting findings in this study showed that the objectives in preschool period confront with different strengths and opportunities. In sum principals and trainers noted the harmony between principals and trainers and also supervising on trainers’ function by the principals of preschool trainer as the most important strengths. Also they considered holding in- service trainings for the trainers and the cooperation of parents with principals and trainers as the most important opportunities. Key words: objectives, pre- school period, strengths, opportunities

The Five Factor Model of Personality and Stuttering

AbstractThe present study investigated the five personality domains of Neuroticism, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness and Openness, as measured by NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), in a sample of twenty adults who stutter and compared with twenty control group matched to age and gender. Results reveal that mean scores of the personality dimension of Conscientiousness were significantly higher in adults who stutter compared to the control group. Furthermore, male who stutter characterized by significantly higher Neuroticism, than male control group. Following the present results, clinicians might include data on Conscientiousness and Neuroticism to follow an individualized counseling procedure

Investigation of the Fire Effects on Some Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Soil (Case Study: Miankaleh Rangeland, Iran)

Fire is one of the ecological factors that can have positive and negative effects on ecosystem processes. Nevertheless, prescribed burning is considered to be an important tool for grassland management, particularly to manipulate the balance between grasses and shrubs (Scheintaub et al. 2009). In Iran, for example, Khodagholi et al. (2001) in the Samirom rangelands of Isfahan Province suggest that fire reduces the shrubs cover and production and leads to the expansion of grasses. Sharifi and Imani (2006) showed that in the semi-steppe of Khalkhal Province shrub cover decreased in contrast to permanent grasses after fire was applied. However, others report that fire can reduce production and plant diversity due to affects on the range soil properties. This research investigated the effects of fire on some soil physico-chemical characteristics in the Miankaleh rangeland in northern Iran

Effect of Ramadan fasting on physiologic myopia

زمینه و هدف: نزدیک بینی از شایع ترین نوع عیوب انکساری چشم است. با توجه به اینکه تغذیه از جمله عوامل متعددی است که در ایجاد میوپی دخیل میباشد . این مطالعه با هدف بررسی میزان تاثیر روزه داری بر مقدار میوپی در طی ماه مبارک رمضان انجام شد. روش بررسی: مطالعه به صورت توصیفی – تحلیلی بر روی 122 چشم از 61 نفر انجام شد. جامعه مورد بررسی افراد میوپ مذکر با درجه نزدیک بینی 50/0- تا 00/8- دیوپتر در سنین 50-22 سال بودند. قبل از ماه مبارک رمضان کلیه افراد تحت معاینه کامل چشمی قرار گرفتند و عیب انکساری آنها با روش Cycloplegic refraction اندازه گیری شد. پس از پایان ماه مبارک رمضان در افرادی که توفیق روزه داری به مدت حداقل 29 روز را داشتند مجدداً معاینات چشمی شامل حدت بینایی و عیب انکساری و معاینه با Slit lamp و فوندوسکپی انجام شد و نتایج قبل و بعد از روزه داری با استفاده از آزمون t زوج مورد بررسی و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته ها: میانگین سنی بیماران 24/11±20/31 (دامنه 50-22) سال بود. حدت بینایی تمام بیماران 20/20 بود. میانگین عیب انکساری افراد قبل و پس از روزه داری به ترتیب 80/2±21/3- و 00/3±16/3- دیوپتر به دست آمد (05/0P>). نتیجه گیری: روزه داری در افراد مذکر بالای 22 سال موجب تغییر مقدار میوپی نمی شود

Mineral Content in Some Species of Leguminosae in Bandar Torkaman Plain Rangelands, Iran

Improving the forage quality and balance of their minerals in rangeland ecosystems is important for rangeland managers to improve livestock productivity (Mohamed et al. 2003; Epstein and Bloom 2005). This research investigated the amount of several minerals; Calcium (Ca), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K) and Magnesium (Mg), in some important species of Leguminosae including Medicago sativa, Trifolium repens, Trifolium pratense and Lathyrus pratensis, that are grazed by livestock in the Bandar Torkaman plain rangelands in north of Iran

Accidental hypothermia and related factors among burned patients

INTRODUCTION: Early diagnosis, control and management of hypothermia are decisive in the outcome of burns. Various factors play a role in creating or aggravating accidental hypothermia in these patients. This study was conducted with the aim of determining accidental hypothermia prevalence and related factors among burned patients referred to Shahid Motahhari Hospital in Tehran, Iran in 2021. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this prospective observational study, 151 burn patients who were transferred to the emergency department by EMS were selected through available sampling from February 2021 to August 2021. Data was collected and recorded in three areas (pre-hospital, emergency ward, and burn center) through observation and interview of patients and their relations and review of records from admission to discharge. The ambient temperature and core body temperature (CBT) of the patients was measured by a calibrated tympanic thermometer at the time of arrival. Individual, clinical, environmental, and care variables were investigated as factors related to hypothermia. The research data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as Pearson correlation, chi-score, and multiple linear regression by SPSS software version 22. A significance level of less than 0.05 was considered. RESULTS: Forty-seven percent of patients had a CBT of less than 36 degrees Celsius at arrival. Through multiple linear regression, 15 independent variables were entered with the backward model. Only the kind of airway management (β = –0.296, p < 0.001), and volume of fluids received (β = 0.144, p = 0.082) were as predicting factors for accidental hypothermia in burn patients. CONCLUSIONS: About half of the patients were hypothermic at the time of admission. Optimizing care in pre-hospital and burn departments and empowering the healthcare team in the assessment of burn patients, and early detection, prevention, and proper management of accidental hypothermia are highly expected

Influence of levothyroxine treatment on serum levels of soluble Fas (CD95) and Fas Ligand (CD95L) in chronic autoimmune hypothyroidism

Abstract Fas/FasL-mediated apoptosis results in the destruction of thyrocytes in chronic autoimmune hypothyroidism (CAIH). In this study, we examined the serum levels of soluble Fas (sFas) and soluble sFas ligand (sFasL) in euthyroid patients with chronic autoimmune hypothyroidism, who were taking levothyroxine (euthyroid, LT4- CAIH), to investigate the possible role of thyroid hormone therapy in down-regulation of apoptotic factors. Fifty euthyroid patients with CAIH on levothyroxine (median of duration 36 months, range 6–228 months) were compared with 75 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals. Serum levels of soluble Fas and soluble Fas Ligand, autoantibodies to thyroid peroxide and thyroglobulin were measured using ELISA. Serum levels of sFas were significantly higher in the euthyroid, LT4-CAIH group [median 9.12 ng/ ml, interquartile range (7.86–10.72 ng/ml)] than in the controls [6.11 ng/ml (5.60–6.81 ng/ml)] (P\0.0001). Compared with controls [80.33 pg/ml (68.22–103.70 pg/ ml)], the euthyroid, LT4-CAIH group [125.71 pg/ml (106.11–149.48 pg/ml)] had significantly higher levels of sFasL (P\0.0001). In a chronological study, there was no significant correlation between sFas, sFasL, and the duration of levothyroxine therapy. In conclusion, normalization of serum sFas and sFasL levels cannot be achieved during levothyroxine treatment in patients with CAIH. It appear