Echinococcus granulosus: In vitro effectiveness of warm water on protoscolices

Hydatid disease is one of the most important helminthic diseases worldwide. Hydatid cysts may be found anywhere in the body. The most effective treatment of hydatid cyst is surgical operation. Spillage of live protoscolices during the operation is the major cause of recurrence. Instillation of scolicidal agent into hydatid cyst is the most commonly employed measure to prevent this complication. To date, many scolicidal agents have been used for inactivation of the hydatid cyst content, however, most common scolicidal agents may cause unacceptable side-effects, limiting their use. In this study the scolicidal effect of warm water (45, 50, 55, and 60 C) at different exposure times (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 15 min) is investigated. Protoscolices were collected aseptically from sheep livers containing hydatid cyst. Viability of protoscolices was determined by 0.1% eosin staining. Even though the highest scolicidal activity of warm water at 45 C was 40.4% at the end of 15 min, the best scolicidal effect (100%) of warm water at 50, 55, and 60 C was obtained after 5, 2, and 1 min, respectively. The results of this in vitro study showed that warm water at 50–60 C can be regarded as an effective scolicidal agent. Warm water is commonly available, easily prepared, and inexpensive. In vivo scolicidal activity of warm water and also the possible side effects need further investigation.

The Effect of Foot Massage on the Consciousness Levels in Comatose Patients With Brain Injury Hospitalized in Intensive Care Unit (Icu): A Randomised Control Trial

Introduction: Coma results from traumatic or non-traumatic brain injuries. Foot massage can influence the level of consciousness in comatose patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of foot massage on the level of consciousness in comatose patients due to brain injury who were hospitalized in the ICUs of selected hospitals in Qazvin. Methods: This study was a clinical trial which was conducted on 40 patients with coma who were hospitalized in the ICUs of Shahid Rajaee and Razi hospitals in Qazvin in 2014. Patients were assigned to case and control groups, using randomize blocked allocation. Massage of both feet was performed in a Stroke manner (5 minutes for each foot) and once a day for 14 days. Then, the level of consciousness was recorded using Glasgow Coma Scale. Statistical tests (chi-square, Independent t-test, dependent t-test and Repeated Measures variance analysis) were used for analysis. Results: The results showed that there is significant difference between the mean of consciousness level before (5.80±1.58) andafter (10.6±2.41) massage in the intervention group(P=0.001). While the mean of consciousness level was (5.3±1.72)before and (6.94±3.03)after the intervention in the control group andit was not statistically significant (P=0.06). Conclusion: Foot massage could increase the level of consciousness among patients in comatose patients due to brain injury. It is recommended to use this intervention for increasing patientsconsciousness level

Dissection of the genetic basis of genotype-by-environment interactions for grain yield and main agronomic traits in Iranian bread wheat landraces and cultivars

Understanding the genetic basis of performance stability is essential to maintain productivity, especially under severe conditions. In the present study, 268 Iranian bread wheat landraces and cultivars were evaluated in four well-watered and two rain-fed conditions for different traits. According to breeding programs, cultivars were in a group with a high mean and stability in terms of GY, GN, and SW traits, while in terms of PH, they had a low mean and high stability. The stability of cultivars and landraces was related to dynamic and static stability, respectively. The highest number of marker pairs and lowest LD decay distance in both cultivars and landraces was observed on the B genome. Population structure differentiated indigenous cultivars and landraces, and the GWAS results for each were almost different despite the commonalities. Chromosomes 1B, 3B, 7B, 2A, and 4A had markers with pleiotropic effects on the stability of different traits. Due to two rain-fed environments, the Gene Ontology (GO) confirmed the accuracy of the results. The identified markers in this study can be helpful in breeding high-performance and stable genotypes and future breeding programs such as fine mapping and cloning

Bulk-boundary and RPS Thermodynamics from Topology perspective

In this article, we investigate the bulk-boundary and restricted phase space (RPS) thermodynamics of Rissner-Nordstr\"om (R-N) AdS and 6-dimensional charged Gauss-Bonnet AdS black holes. Also, we examine the topological characteristics of the considered black holes and compare them with the extended thermodynamics results. In fact, we have found that the topological behavior of the bulk-boundary thermodynamics is the same as that of the extended thermodynamics, whereas the RPS thermodynamics exhibits a distinct behavior. We also demonstrate that within the RPS formalism, there is only one critical point with a topological charge of +1 $(Q_t=+1)$. Additionally, for RPS formalism, the inclusion of higher derivative curvature terms in the form of Gauss-Bonnet gravity does not alter the topological classification of critical points in charged AdS black holes.Comment: 17 pages, 6 figures, 1 Tabl

Cooling and heating regions of Joule-Thomson expansion for AdS black holes: Maxwell-power-Yang-Mills and Kerr Sen black holes

In this paper, we explore the Joule-Thomson expansion (JTE) process for the Einstein-Power-Young-Mills (EPYM) and the AdS Kerr Sen (AKS) black holes. We study the effect of free parameters on the Joule-Thomson coefficient (JTC), the inversion curve, and the $T_i^{min}/T_{c}$. The isenthalpic curves of the AKS black hole show cooling or heating behavior depending on the inversion curve, which is affected by the mass and the parameters $b$ and $a$ of the black hole. If we assume the parameter $b$ to be zero, the results reduce to the Kerr-AdS black holes[1]. In [2,3], for the Einstein-Power-Yang-Mills AdS black hole with $q>1$ and $n=2$, the $T_i^{min}/T_{c}$ is $1/2$. But in this paper, for the AdS-Maxwell-power-Yang-Mills black hole, when $q>1$, the $T_i^{min}/T_{c}$ is almost equal to $1/2$ for the increase of Maxwell's charge $C$, and when $q=1/2$, the $T_i^{min}/T_{c}$ is equal to $1/2$ for all values of $C$. Also, when $1/2<q<1$, the $T_i^{min}/T_{c}$ is close to the value of $1/2$, and finally when $0<q<1/2$, the values of $T_i^{min}/T_{c}$ move away from the value of $1/2$, that is, they become smaller. For the AKS black hole, we found that for free parameters $a=0.00951$ and $b=0.00475$, the $T_i^{min}/T_{c}$ is almost $1/2$. Finally, we compare our findings with others in the literature and summarize our results in Tables 1-5.Comment: 28 pages, 7 figures, 5 table

Bardeen Black Hole Thermodynamics from Topological Perspective

In this paper, we use the generalized off-shell Helmholtz free energy method to explore the thermodynamic properties of Bardeen black holes (BD BHs) from a topological perspective based on Duan's topological current $\phi$-mapping. We consider various structures of BD BHs, including regular BD-AdS BHs, BD-AdS BHs in Kiselev's model of quintessence, BD BHs in massive gravity (MG), and BD BHs in 4D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet (EGB) gravity. We demonstrate that these BHs have one topological classification (TC), i.e., TC is +1 for all BHs considered, and the addition of MG or GB terms, etc., does not change the topological numbers.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, Accepted for publication in the Annals of Physic

Thermodynamic topology and photon spheres in the Hyperscaling violation black hole

It was shown that a standard ring of light can be imagined outside the event horizon for stationary rotating four-dimensional black holes with axial symmetry using the topological method. Based on this concept, in this paper, we investigate the topological charge and the conditions of existence of the photon sphere (PS) for a hyperscaling violation (HSV) black hole with various values of the parameters of this model. Then, after carrying out a detailed analysis, we show the conventional topological classes viz $Q=-1$ for the mentioned black hole and $Q=0$ for the naked singularities. Also, we propose a new topological class for naked singularities ($Q=+1$) with respect to $z>1$. Then, we will use two different methods, namely the temperature (Duan's topological current $\Phi$-mapping theory) and the generalized Helmholtz free energy method, to study the topological classes of our black hole. By considering the black hole mentioned, we discuss the critical and zero points (topological charges and topological numbers) for different parameters of hyperscaling violating black holes, such as ($z, \theta$) and other free parameters, and study their thermodynamic topology. We observe that for a given value of the parameters $z$, $\theta$, and other free parameters, there exist two total topological charges $(Q_{t}=-1, 0)$ for the $T$ method and two total topological numbers $(W=+1)$ for the generalized Helmholtz free energy method. Additionally, we summarize the results for each study as photon sphere, temperature, and generalized Helmholtz free energy in some figures and tables. Finally, we compare our findings with other related studies in the literature.Comment: 38 pages, 21 figures and 13 table

Influence of Moderate and Severe Exercise on Memory Formation and Anxiety-like Behaviors in Male Wistar Rat

Introduction: Recent researchers have showed that regular exercise induces positive effects on cognitive functions. Exercise intensity and timing of cognitive assessment may have an interactive effect on cognitive changes. Previous researches suggest that moderate intensity treadmill running has the most consistent benefit to cognitive function. In contrast, studies find positive, negative, or null effects to cognitive function after high intensity treadmill running. The primary objective of the present study was to compare the cognitive effects of intensity treadmill running protocol 1 (Low intensity), protocol 2 (Moderate intensity) and protocol 1 plus 2 (High intensity).Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=7 in each group) including: sedentary (Non-exercise), protocol 1, protocol 2, and combination of protocol 1 and 2. Step-through passive avoidance and elevated-plus maze apparatus have been used to test parameters of passive avoidance learning and anxiety-like behaviors.Results: These findings showed that combination of both protocols (Protocol 1 with protocol 2) decreased step-through latency in the passive avoidance apparatus indicating memory impairment [P&lt;0.05]. Moreover, the data revealed that different protocols for exercises did not alter %OAT [P&lt;0.001], %OAE %OAT [P&gt;0.05] and locomotor activity %OAT [P&lt;0.05] compared to control group but not others.Conclusion: High intensity exercise not only induced beneficial effect but also impaired memory formation. 

Modeling of environmental aspects related to reverse osmosis desalination supply chain

open access journalBackground: This study aimed to model optimization of strategic environmental management decisions in the operation of reverse osmosis desalination, emphasizing the costs required for the environmental protection during the production of freshwater using reverse osmosis technology. Methods: This analytical research was conducted in five cities of Hormozgan province in Iran for 18 months from February 2018 to September 2019. The research includes eight phases of defining the research problem, data collection, preliminary data analysis and decision criteria, mathematical modeling, model validation, information preparation, analysis and finally discussion, conclusions and suggestions. The main environmental issues were the carbon dioxide (CO2) release rate due to power demand and rejected brine water (RBW) were entered the mathematical model. Results: The desalination plants of Abu Musa, Bandar Abbas, Qeshm, Sirik, and Hormoz with water production flow rate of 2100, 89 000, 5300, 3300 and 1500 m3/d can generate 2360.82, 100053.80, 5958.260, 3709.86 and 1686.30 tons/year of CO2 emissions respectively. This output requires 1.35, 57.47,3.42, 2.13 and 0.97 million USD for controlling the process, respectively. For reduction of the negative effect of RBW 0.75, 22.79, 1.78, 1.15 and 0.55 million USD respectively, is needed. Conclusion: Recommendations for environmental impacts protection of RBW, for desalination capacity up to 50 000 m3/d, are; (a) for desalination capacity up to 50 000 m3/d; dilution the RBW using raw water before entering into the sea, (b) for capacity of 50 000-100 000 m3/d; dispersing RBW in sea using diffuser, and (c) for capacity more than 100 000 m3/d; hybrid water desalination plants and power plant. Application of power plant cooling water to dilute RBW may reduce cost

Impacts of DEM Type and Resolution on Deep Learning-Based Flood Inundation Mapping

This paper presents a comprehensive study focusing on the influence of DEM type and spatial resolution on the accuracy of flood inundation prediction. The research employs a state-of-the-art deep learning method using a 1D convolutional neural network (CNN). The CNN-based method employs training input data in the form of synthetic hydrographs, along with target data represented by water depth obtained utilizing a 2D hydrodynamic model, LISFLOOD-FP. The performance of the trained CNN models is then evaluated and compared with the observed flood event. This study examines the use of digital surface models (DSMs) and digital terrain models (DTMs) derived from a LIDAR-based 1m DTM, with resolutions ranging from 15 to 30 meters. The proposed methodology is implemented and evaluated in a well-established benchmark location in Carlisle, UK. The paper also discusses the applicability of the methodology to address the challenges encountered in a data-scarce flood-prone region, exemplified by Pakistan. The study found that DTM performs better than DSM at lower resolutions. Using a 30m DTM improved flood depth prediction accuracy by about 21% during the peak stage. Increasing the resolution to 15m increased RMSE and overlap index by at least 50% and 20% across all flood phases. The study demonstrates that while coarser resolution may impact the accuracy of the CNN model, it remains a viable option for rapid flood prediction compared to hydrodynamic modeling approaches