COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMIC (CFD) SIMULATION OF SLUG FLOW WITHIN PIPE BEND AND PIPE ELBOW WHICH INDUCE VIBRATION

Multi-phase flow is any fluid stream consisting of more than one phase or component, for example, gas-liquid stream, liquid-liquid flow, solid fluid stream, or solid-fluid gas stream. It is common in fluid systems, in particular in oil and gas hydrocarbon conveying systems which produce natural gas and crude oil at the same time. A significant response from flux-induced vibration can lead to potential fatigue damage or uncontrolled vibration when the frequency of excitation matches the piping system's natural frequencies, especially in cases where oil produces dense sand particles or slow flows in the flow-lines. This is why it is important to investigate the impact of the oil-gas-water mix on pipeline structure

Pembinaan Perisian Multimedia Pembelajaran Berbantukan Komputer Bagi Mata Pelajaran Kemahiran Hidup Tingkatan Tiga Bertajuk ”Sistem Asas Edaran Enjin Empat Lejang”

Dalam bidang pendidikan, penggunaan bahan bantu mengajar merupakan perkara penting untuk mendapatkan hasil pembelajaran yang baik. Penggunaan bahan bantu mengajar yang berunsur multimedia telah menjadi kaedah pembelajaran pada masa kini. Ekoran dari perkembangan teknologi maklumat yang pesat dalam bidang pendidikan, terdapat pelbagai perisian multimedia di pasaran dengan tujuan membantu pengajaran dan pembelajaran di sekolah. Walaubagaimanapun perisian multimedia yang berteraskan tempatan amatlah terhad seperti perisian Enjin bagi mata pelajaran Kemahiran Hidup Bersepadu Tingkatan Tiga. Sehubungan dengan itu, pembinaan perisian Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran Berbantukan Komputer (PPBK) Enjin bagi tajuk Edaran Empat Lejang akan menambahkan lagi perisian yang sedia ada. Perisian ini telah dibangunkan dengan gabungan beberapa perisian lain seperti Macromedia Authorware 7.0, Macromedia Flash Professional 8, Adobe Photoshop 7, Swish Max dan Sony Sound Forge 8. Perisian ini telah dipakej dalam sekeping cakera padat (CD) bagi memudahkan pengguna menerokai perisian ini. Perisian ini juga boleh beroperasi dengan capaian bebas iaitu pengguna bebas untuk memilih paparan yang dikehendaki dengan hanya satu klikan pada butang menu perisian sahaja. Semoga dengan perisian yang dibina ini dapat memberikan sumbangan yang bermakna kepada bidang pendidikan di negara kita

Evaluation of Liquefaction Potential of an Earth Dam Foundation Using In Situ Tests

This paper presents a case study of liquefaction potential assessment carried out under an earth dam foundation in Tunisia. An emphasis was made on the exploration of geotechnical conditions and the interpretation of field tests results collected before and after soil densification using the vibrocompaction technique. The assessment of soil liquefaction susceptibility was made using deterministic and probabilistic simplified procedures developed from several case histories. Conclusively, the obtained results show that before vibrocompaction the soil was prone to the liquefaction hazard. However, after vibrocompaction, a significant improvement of the soil resistance reduces the liquefaction potential of the sandy foundation. Indeed, before vibrocompaction, the factor of safety (FS) drops below 1 which means that the soil is susceptible for liquefaction. However, after vibrocompaction, the values of FS exceed the unit which justify the absence of liquefaction hazard in the dam foundation. In addition, before soil densification, the liquefaction evaluation using CPT-data shows probabilities values over 65 % which correspond to the classes of ‘’very likely’’ and ‘’Almost certain that will be liquefy’’ in the field case histories classification. The treated site presents low probability of liquefaction (less than 35%) indicating a low likelihood of liquefaction of the dam foundation

IN VITRO SUSCEPTIBILITY OF ISOLATED SHIGELLA FLEXNERI AND SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE TO THE ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF TRACHYSPERMUM AMMI AND PEGANUM HARMALA

Objective: This study represents the first attempt to investigate the antimicrobial activity of Peganum harmala, and Trachyspermum ammi seeds extract against the isolated bacillary dysentery-causing microorganisms. Methods: T. ammi and P. harmala were extracted by 96% ethanol using Soxhlet apparatus. The extracts were screened for their phytochemical constituents. Their antimicrobial activity against the isolated dysentery-causing microorganisms was evaluated using the agar diffusion method. Results: The antimicrobial activity result showed that, the two isolated bacteria, Shigella flexneri, and Shigella dysenteriae were found to be sensitive to the extract of T. ammi seed with inhibition zones up to 25 mm, compared to the inhibition zone of 20 mm produced by Gentamycin standard drug, this is mainly due to the presence of the different phytochemical in the extract such as tannin, flavonoids, terpenoids which are well known for their antimicrobial effects. The two isolated bacteria were found to be insensitive (zero mm) to P. harmala extract, Amoxicillin, and Amoclan (Amoxicillin+clavulanic acid) standard drugs, this is due to the fact that, the phytochemicals constituents of P. harmala possess the antagonistic effect to each other’s. Addition to; these bacteria became resistant to both Amoxicillin and Amoclan. Conclusion: From the results it concludes, T. ammi seeds extract had a considerable level of antimicrobial activity against bacillary dysentery-causing microorganisms resistant to Amoxicillin and Amoxicillin+clavulanic acid drugs

COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMIC (CFD) SIMULATION OF SLUG FLOW WITHIN PIPE BEND AND PIPE ELBOW WHICH INDUCE VIBRATION

Multi-phase flow is any fluid stream consisting of more than one phase or component, for example, gas-liquid stream, liquid-liquid flow, solid fluid stream, or solid-fluid gas stream. It is common in fluid systems, in particular in oil and gas hydrocarbon conveying systems which produce natural gas and crude oil at the same time. A significant response from flux-induced vibration can lead to potential fatigue damage or uncontrolled vibration when the frequency of excitation matches the piping system's natural frequencies, especially in cases where oil produces dense sand particles or slow flows in the flow-lines. This is why it is important to investigate the impact of the oil-gas-water mix on pipeline structure