The War on Poverty and Welfare Reform : A Comparative Discourse Analysis of Elite Newspaper Editorial Coverage in 1964 and 1996

From the time of the war on poverty of 1964, to the era of welfare reform in 1990s, the federal welfare system underwent a change from a model that acted to protect citizens from the vagaries of the market economy to one that mandated their participation in the paid labor force. For a shift in policy of this magnitude to occur and be unquestioningly accepted by the public, a significant change also had to occur in how poverty and welfare issues were discussed and perceived over the intervening years. Using discourse analysis, this study examines how editorials in elite newspapers framed the issues of poverty and welfare in the months prior to the passage of the Economic Opportunity Act (1964) and the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (1996). It also addresses how newspaper editorials influenced public perception about the nature and causes of poverty and welfare reliance

To Eat the Bread of Others: The Decision to Migrate in a Province of Southern Italy

Paper by Janet Mogg Schreibe

The War on Poverty and Welfare Reform : A Comparative Discourse Analysis of Elite Newspaper Editorial Coverage in 1964 and 1996

From the time of the war on poverty of 1964, to the era of welfare reform in 1990s, the federal welfare system underwent a change from a model that acted to protect citizens from the vagaries of the market economy to one that mandated their participation in the paid labor force. For a shift in policy of this magnitude to occur and be unquestioningly accepted by the public, a significant change also had to occur in how poverty and welfare issues were discussed and perceived over the intervening years. Using discourse analysis, this study examines how editorials in elite newspapers framed the issues of poverty and welfare in the months prior to the passage of the Economic Opportunity Act (1964) and the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (1996). It also addresses how newspaper editorials influenced public perception about the nature and causes of poverty and welfare reliance

Watch Out for the Beast: Fear Information and Attentional Bias in Children

Although valenced information about novel animals changes the implicit and explicit fear beliefs of children (Field & Lawson, 2003), how it might lead to anxiety is unknown. One possibility, based on cognitive models of anxiety, is that fear information creates attentional biases similar to those seen in anxiety disorders. Children between 7 and 9 years old were given positive information about 1 novel animal, negative information about another, and no information about the 3rd. A pictorial dot-probe task was used, immediately or with a 24-hr delay, to test for attentional biases to the different animals. The results replicated the finding that fear information changes children's fear beliefs. Regardless of whether there was a delay, children acquired an attentional bias in the left visual field toward the animal about which they held negative beliefs compared to the control animal. These results imply a possible way in which fear information might contribute to acquired fear

A Comparison of HIV/AIDS Prevention Knowledge Between Students Receiving Mandated and Non-Mandated AIDS Prevention Education

The HIV Prevention Behaviors Knowledge Test for Teenagers was given to two samples of high school students to determine their knowledge about HIV prevention. The samples were taken from a high school in a state where AIDS prevention is recommended and the other sample was from a high school 1n a neighboring state where AIDS prevention education is mandated by state law This testing was done to see if a difference in knowledge would exist between these two groups. As measured by a t-test of the two sample means there was no significant difference in HIV/AIDS knowledge between the two groups. These results indicate that factors other than how policy is formulated might be more important m getting health information delivered to a specified population

Mushroom to manoeuvre? Using photogrammetry to track the movement and survival of free-living corals

Mushroom corals can play an important role in tropical reef ecosystems by providing habitat and performing important ecological functions. Unlike most stony corals, free-living mushroom corals can move, both passively and actively, and can use this ability to escape competition or harmful environments. However, as their movement is typically slow, occurs over relatively small scales, and is traditionally hard to measure, their movement ecology is little researched. Nevertheless, quantitative geospatial data on species’ movement, distribution, survival, and interaction can improve mechanistic modelling of community dynamics in various environments. We use ‘structure from motion’ photogrammetry to track 51 individual corals’ 3D movement and survival over one year within an isolated and enclosed lagoon. This technique essentially provides a large-scale quantitative community time-lapse and allows detailed individual level life-history data to be collected over spatial and temporal scales that were previously impractical

A protocol for the large‐scale analysis of reefs using Structure from Motion photogrammetry

1. Substrate complexity is an essential metric of reef health and a strong predictor of several ecological processes connected to the reef, including disturbance, resilience, and associated community abundance and diversity. / 2. Underwater Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry has been growing rapidly in use over the last 5 years due to advances in computing power, reduced costs of underwater digital cameras and a push for reproducible data. This has led to the adaptation of an originally terrestrial survey technique into the marine realm, which can now be applied at the habitat scale. / 3. This technique allows researchers to make detailed 3D reconstructions of reef surfaces for morphometric analysis of reef physical structure and perform large‐scale image‐mosaic mapping. SfM is useful for both reef‐scale and colony‐scale assessments, where visual or acoustic methods are impractical or not sufficiently detailed. / 4. Here we provide a protocol for the collection, analysis and display of 3D reef data, focussing on large‐scale habitat assessments of coral reefs using primarily open‐source software. We further suggest applications for other underwater environments and scales of assessment, and hope this standardized protocol will help researchers apply this technology and inspire new avenues of ecological research

The Information Literacy Resource Bank: re-purposing the wheel

This paper outlines the aims and methodology of the Information Literacy Resource Bank (http://ilrb.cardiff.ac.uk) project. The Resource Bank has been developed to help meet the challenge of embedding information literacy into the taught curriculum at Cardiff University. It contains “bite-size” interactive tasks, images, diagrams, cartoons and short tutorials which each focus on a particular information literacy topic. Hosted on the University’s web pages, they can either be used in situ or downloaded and inserted into the tutors’ own resources in BlackBoard, PowerPoint or even printed handouts. The intention is that the learning objects are suitably granular for integration, as required, within different teaching environments and are adaptable to the many different approaches to embedding information literacy. After describing the background and development of the Resource Bank, the authors evaluate, through case study examples of their use, whether the resources are truly re-purposable and whether the resources can be regarded as a successful source of support for embedding information literacy into teaching programmes