Kashmir: From AK-47 To Stone Pelting Changing trends in freedom movement of Kashmir

The beautiful valley of Kashmir in contemporary times draw news, headlines very frequently for militancy related violence and civil unrest. In this article an attempt has been made to show why insurgency erupted in early 1990s and the many changes taking place in the political canvas, civilian protest mostly of educated youth preferred non violent methods. Keywords: Accession, AK-47, mingled nature, insurgency, outsiders, violence.

Indo-Iran Relations: Challenges and Constraints

India and Iran share long-lasting legacies of cultural, linguistic and religious links for centuries. Relations between them have been deepening with respect to the most issues, especially security, energy and transportation .The relations between the two have seen twists and turns in history where they have been close at times and share common interests. Iran holds a particular importance for India as it provides unique access to Afghanistan and Central Asia, but at the same time there are several constraints that restrict India’s reach into Iran. This article examines the key areas on which both countries can cooperate to strength their relations but at the same time, examines the factors that hinder their relationship. Keywords: energy, constraints, GCC, IPI, Securit

Kashmir-The origin of INDO-PAK Conflicts (War, Peace and Dialogue)

This is an attempt to highlight the INDO-PAK Conflicts. There are many disputes between India and Pakistan such as Water dispute over Baghlihar Dam, siachen  Glacier, Smuggling across borders, Migration etc. Apart from these disputes, there are three important issues these two countries face in their bilateral relations: 1. The differences in world views, 2. The problem over Nuclear confrontation and 3. The dispute over Kashmir The dispute over Kashmir had a major impact on both the countries-INDIA and PAKISTAN. Several times both the countries fought many wars .If this core issue is solved there will be peace and stability in the region. Keywords: Kashmir, Indo-Pak, War, Conflicts, Plebiscite

The Bleeding and Burning Kashmir: Violence, Terrorism and Freedom Struggle

Efforts have been made to discuss various issues which Kashmir Valley had faced in the past six decades –Violence, Terrorism, Aggression and Bloodshed. Political conflict in the valley have marked a high degree of militarization and the presence of herse laws giving special powers to military forces makes Kashmiri people victims of violence. This article puts a view that how India and Mainstream parties of Jammu and Kashmir had and are trying to suppress the slogans and voices Kashmiri people and Separatists that are demanding nothing but Freedom. Keywords: Freedom, Jamat-I –islami, Kashmiri pundits, Ragdo Ragdo, Violence etc

Indo- Iran relations (evolving ties from 1990-2005)

India and Iran -the great civilisations of the world had close historical and cultural ties. With the changing trends in the international politics which somehow leads towards the change in national interest had sometimes effected the relations between the two countries. However both New Delhi and Tehran are striving to maintain good and friendly relation among them to achieve their interests of national importance

Causality in String Field Theory

In this letter, we will investigate causality in string field theory using pp-wave light-cone gauge string field theory. We will generalize the Ramsey scheme to string field theory, and use it to analyze string field theoretical processes. An explicit characteristic function for interactive string field theory will be built using this string field theoretical Ramsey scheme. The average of the difference between the initial and final values of any operator described in string field theory will be obtained using this characteristic function. We will use the quantum information theoretical technique based on quantum fisher information to extract information about such string field theoretical processes.Comment: Accepted in EPL, 13 page

Attitude of Undergraduate Students in Rural Colleges of Kashmir Valley towards Experiential Learning

Experiential learning, which is the process of learning through direct experience and reflection, is a core component of contemporary education system. The present study attempted to explore the attitude of undergraduate students in rural degree colleges of Kashmir valley in the state of Jammu & Kashmir, towards experiential learning. Altogether, 150 undergraduate students pursuing bachelor’s programme in various rural government degree colleges, were identified for the study through randomization. The 25 item- questionnaire was administered to measure the attitude towards experiential learning. Various statistical techniques and graphical representations such as mean, standard deviation, percentage, 2x2 factorial design were employed. The study established that attitude towards experiential learning differs significantly with respect to gender and academic stream among the undergraduate students

Attitude of Undergraduate Students in Rural Colleges of Kashmir Valley towards Experiential Learning

Experiential learning, which is the process of learning through direct experience and reflection, is a core component of contemporary education system. The present study attempted to explore the attitude of undergraduate students in rural degree colleges of Kashmir valley in the state of Jammu & Kashmir, towards experiential learning. Altogether, 150 undergraduate students pursuing bachelor’s programme in various rural government degree colleges, were identified for the study through randomization. The 25 item- questionnaire was administered to measure the attitude towards experiential learning. Various statistical techniques and graphical representations such as mean, standard deviation, percentage, 2x2 factorial design were employed. The study established that attitude towards experiential learning differs significantly with respect to gender and academic stream among the undergraduate students

Effect of television watching on vision of school children in semi urban area of Kashmir

Background: Schoolchildren form an important target group as any ocular morbidity in this age group has huge physical, psychological and socio-economical implications. Considering the fact that one-third of India's blind lose their eyesight before the age of 20 years and many of them are under five years when they become blind, early detection and treatment of ocular morbidity among children is important. This study aims to highlight the prevalence of ocular morbidity in governmental schools in a sub-urbanized area of India. Research question of current study was to study the Effect of TV watching on vision in school children.Methods: Study area: Government schools in a sub-urbanized area of India. Sample size: 1128 school children from class 5th to 12th. Study design: A cross-sectional study was conducted and the study population comprised of school children who were examined in their schools and afterwards referred to the hospital if required. Data was gathered using a questionnaire, snellens charts and retinoscopes. Statistical analysis: simple proportion. Data was analysed statistically using SPSS software, version 14.Results: 1128 children were examined. Percentage of male children was 42.73% and females were 57.18%. Ocular abnormality was detected in 21.3% children with refractive errors contributing 18.26%, conjunctivitis-1.95%, blepheritis-0.62%, dacrocystitis-0.17%, stye-0.35%, color blindness-0%. It was also observed that children watching TV for less than 1 hour had  visual acuity of 6/6 in 42.4%, whereas children watching TV for 1-2 hours, 2-3 hours and >3 hours had lower  visual acuity.Conclusion: It was concluded that moderate to high prevalence of ocular morbidity among high school children is present in block Hazratbal. Finally, the aim of all blindness control programs should be to propagate awareness in the masses of eye care and to teach the essentials of ocular hygiene and eye healthcare.

Uncovering the effect of waterlogging stress on plant microbiome and disease development: current knowledge and future perspectives

Waterlogging is a constant threat to crop productivity and ecological biodiversity. Plants face multiple challenges during waterlogging stress like metabolic reprogramming, hypoxia, nutritional depletion, reduction in gaseous exchange, pH modifications, microbiome alterations and disease promotion all of which threaten plants survival. Due to global warming and climatic change, the occurrence, frequency and severity of flooding has dramatically increased posing a severe threat to food security. Thus, developing innovative crop management technologies is critical for ensuring food security under changing climatic conditions. At present, the top priority among scientists is to find nature-based solutions to tackle abiotic or biotic stressors in sustainable agriculture in order to reduce climate change hazards to the environment. In this regard, utilizing plant beneficial microbiome is one of the viable nature based remedial tool for mitigating abiotic stressors like waterlogging. Beneficial microbiota provides plants multifaceted benefits which improves their growth and stress resilience. Plants recruit unique microbial communities to shield themselves against the deleterious effects of biotic and abiotic stress. In comparison to other stressors, there has been limited studies on how waterlogging stress affects plant microbiome structure and their functional traits. Therefore, it is important to understand and explore how waterlogging alters plant microbiome structure and its implications on plant survival. Here, we discussed the effect of waterlogging stress in plants and its microbiome. We also highlighted how waterlogging stress promotes pathogen occurrence and disease development in plants. Finally, we highlight the knowledge gaps and areas for future research directions on unwiring how waterlogging affects plant microbiome and its functional traits. This will pave the way for identifying resilient microbiota that can be engineered to promote their positive interactions with plants during waterlogging stress