CONSIDERATION OF TWO DIMENSIONAL SURFACE ROUGHNESSES IN QUANTITATIVE XPS ANALYSIS

The effect of two dimensional surface roughnesses on the intensities of XPS peaks have been investigated. The following models have been studied: square base pits with side walls perpendicular to the surface in chequered position, square base pyramid shaped pits touching each other by their edges, square base pyramids touching each other by their bottom edges, and spheres in closest packing with a planar tangent surface. On the latter model also the effect of ion etching has been studied. The application of the results are demonstrated on two quantitative surface analytical problems

Association between traumatic bone marrow abnormalities of the knee, the trauma mechanism and associated soft-tissue knee injuries

OBJECTIVES: To determine the association between traumatic bone marrow abnormalities, the knee injury mechanism, and associated soft tissue injuries in a larger cohort than those in the published literature. METHOD: Retrospective study including 220 patients with traumatic knee injuries. Knee MRIs were evaluated for trauma mechanism, soft tissue injury, and the location of bone marrow abnormalities. The locations of the abnormalities were correlated with trauma mechanisms and soft tissue injuries using the chi-square test with Bonferroni correction. RESULTS: One hundred and forty-four valgus injuries, 39 pivot shift injuries, 25 lateral patellar dislocations, 8 hyperextensions, and 4 dashboard injuries were included. Valgus and pivot shift injuries showed traumatic bone marrow abnormalities in the posterolateral regions of the tibia. Abnormalities after patellar dislocation were found in the anterolateral and centrolateral femur and patella. Hyperextension injuries were associated with abnormalities in almost all regions, and dashboard injuries were associated with changes in the anterior regions of the tibia and femur. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides evidence of associations between traumatic bone marrow abnormality patterns and different trauma mechanisms in acute knee injury, and reveals some overlap, especially of the two most common trauma mechanisms (valgus and pivot shift), in a large patient cohort. KEY POINTS• Specific bone marrow oedema patterns after knee trauma were confirmed. • New associations between bone marrow oedema patterns and knee trauma were shown. • Bone marrow oedema patterns help in identifying associated soft tissue injuries