Fe基合金の加熱中のTi系介在物の組成および形態変化

学位の種別: 課程博士審査委員会委員 : （主査）東京大学教授 月橋 文孝, 東京大学教授 寺嶋 和夫, 東京大学教授 森田 一樹, 東京大学准教授 内藤 昌信, 東京大学准教授 松浦 宏行University of Tokyo(東京大学

Impacts of Land Use and Salinization on Soil Inorganic and Organic Carbon in the Middle-lower Yellow River Delta

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41877028 and 41205104). This work also contributes to the activities of N-Circle projects, a UK-China Virtual Joint Centre on Nitrogen, funded by the Newton Fund via Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) (No. BB/N013484/1Peer reviewedPostprin

Ultra-low viscosity liquid crystal materials

We report five ultra-low viscosity nematic liquid crystal mixtures with birefringence around 0.1, dielectric anisotropy in the range of 3 to 6, and clearing temperature about 80 degrees C. A big advantage of these low viscosity mixtures is low activation energy, which significantly suppresses the rising rate of viscosity at low temperatures. Using our mixture M3 as an example, the response time of a 3-mu m cell at -20 degrees C is only 30 ms. Widespread application of these materials for display devices demanding a fast response time, especially at low temperatures, is foreseeable

Legacy halogenated organic contaminants in urban-influenced waters using passive polyethylene samplers: Emerging evidence of anthropogenic land-use-based sources and ecological risks

Legacy halogenated organic pollutants, including organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), remain ubiquitous in the environment and continue to pose potential (eco-)toxicological threats because of their ongoing releases from land-based sources. This study investigated the spatial trends of freely dissolved PCBs and OCPs by polyethylene passive samplers, and provided evidence of their land-use-based sources and ecological risk in an urbanized estuary area of Narragansett Bay. Dissolved Σ29PCB concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 1.37 ng L−1, and exhibited higher concentrations in the upper, more urban/built-up watershed, and in north coastal areas. Major inputs of PCBs were urban stormwater or treated wastewater that might carry past releases of Aroclors, pigment manufacturing byproducts, and volatilization-associated PCBs from ageing buildings from the Narragansett watershed to the bay. The dioxin toxicity equivalent values of Σ5PCBs were 8.6E-03 pg L−1 in water. Dissolved OCP concentrations had similar spatial trends to PCBs and were dominated by DDTs (average 230 pg L−1), followed by chlordanes (average 230 pg L−1), and HCB (average 22 pg L−1). Secondary sources of past usage and historic contamination were expected to re-enter the surface water via atmospheric transport and deposition. The risk quotients of DDE, DDD, DDT and α-Endosulfane showed medium to high ecological risks in the northern area, while chlordane, HCB, oxychlordane, and heptachlor epoxide showed low to negligible risks in all zones. This study presented new insights into the presence, sources and transport of legacy halogenated organic contaminants in an urban estuary\u27s watershed by combining passive samplers and geographic information system (GIS) technology. The approach is promising and could be extended to get better understand of terrestrial pollutant mobilization into estuaries affected by anthropogenic activities

Associations of oxidative balance score with hyperuricemia and gout among American adults: a population-based study

ObjectiveThe current study aimed to assess the relationships between oxidative balance score (OBS) and OBS subclasses (dietary and lifestyle OBS) with risks of hyperuricemia (HUA) and gout among American adults.MethodsParticipants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2018 were initially recruited and then the final sample was restricted to adults without missing values about serum uric acid, gout, OBS, and covariates. Rao-Scott adjusted chi-square test and analysis of variance were utilized to compare the baseline characteristics in adults of different quartiles of OBS, while the weighted stepped logistic regression models were used to explore the associations of overall, dietary, and lifestyle OBS with the risks of HUA and gout. Weighted restricted cubic spline analyses were conducted to explore the nonlinear dose-response associations.ResultsThe final sample consisted of 22,705 participants aged 20 years and older, which was representative of approximately 197.3 million non-institutionalized American adults. HUA and gout prevalence decreased with OBS quartiles. Compared with adults in the first quartile of OBS, those in the second (OR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.72–0.99), third (OR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.58–0.85), and fourth (OR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.38–0.61) quartiles of OBS had reduced risks of hyperuricemia. Similarly, adults in the second (OR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.51–0.97) quartile of OBS was associated with lower gout risk in comparison to adults in the lowest quartile. Regarding OBS subclasses, dietary and lifestyle OBS were both negatively correlated with the risk of HUA, and only higher lifestyle OBS was significantly associated with lower gout risk. Furthermore, the subgroup analyses and interaction effects also substantiated similar effects. Significant nonlinear dose-response relationships were observed between overall, dietary, and lifestyle OBS with HUA risk as well as that of lifestyle OBS with gout risk.ConclusionThis study strongly suggests the significant negative associations of OBS with HUA and gout in American adults and provides a dietary and lifestyle guideline to reduce the risks

Investigation of the horizontal collision damage behavior of fruit during transporting based on a new instrumented impactor

Horizontal collisions between fruit and rigid walls are a common occurrence in postharvest packaging and transportation. To address this issue, a novel high-precision instrumented impactor was developed, comprising a high-speed imaging system, an ejection device, and a force sensor. Results showed that the impactor was able to effectively simulate the horizontal collision process between various small spherical fruits (such as cherry tomatoes, plums, sweet cherries, and winter jujubes) and packaging materials at three velocities: slow, medium, and high. Output parameters included the impact force and impact time of the fruit acting on each packaging material, as well as the displacement, displacement rate, impact energy, rebound energy, and absorption energy of the fruit. During the horizontal collision simulation, it was observed that the winter jujube exhibited the largest impact force and the shortest impact time among the four types of fruit tested. Conversely, the sweet cherry demonstrated the lowest proportion of damage area when colliding with the EPE board compared to the rigid board and foam board. This study presents a powerful tool for investigating the horizontal collision behaviour between fruit and rigid plates

Expression pattern and polymorphism of three microsatellite markers in the porcine CA3 gene

Carbonic anhydrase III (CA3) is an abundant muscle protein characteristic of adult type-1, slow-twitch, muscle fibres. In order to further understand the functions of the porcine CA3 protein in muscle, the temporal and spatial distributions of its gene product were analysed and the association between the presence of specific polymorphisms and carcass traits in the pig was also examined. Real-time PCR revealed that the CA3 mRNA expression showed no differences with age in skeletal muscles from Yorkshire pigs at postnatal day-1, month-2, and month-4. We provide the first evidence that CA3 is differentially expressed in the skeletal muscle of Yorkshire and Meishan pig breeds. In addition, the whole pig genomic DNA sequence of CA3 was investigated and shown to contain seven exons and six introns. Comparative sequencing of the gene from three pig breeds revealed the existence of microsatellite SJ160 in intron 5 and microsatellite SJ158 and a novel microsatellite marker that includes a tandem repeat of (TC)n in intron 4. We also determined the allele number and frequencies of the three loci in seven pig breeds and found that they are low polymorphic microsatellite markers. Statistical analysis showed that the CA3 microsatellite polymorphism was associated with dressing percentage, internal fat rate, carcass length, rib number and backfat thickness in the pig

Object-Oriented Classification of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Images Based on Genetic Algorithm and Support Vector Machine

This paper proposes a method of reducing dimensions based on genetic algorithm and object-oriented classification based on support vector machine (SVM). The basic idea is subspace decomposition of hyperspectral images at first, then selecting suitable bands in each subspace by using genetic algorithm and putting all selected bands of each subspace together. Furthermore, the hyperspectral image is segmented into a series of objects and then the spectral features and spatial features of objects in the selected bands are extracted. Finally, SVM classification is used according to features of the objects. The algorithm proposed is more effective and superior in dimension reduction and classification of hyperspectral image

Enhancing breast cancer treatment: Mesoporous dopamine nanoparticles in synergy with chrysin for photothermal therapy

Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers, primarily affecting women. Among its subtypes, estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer is particularly common. Inhibiting estrogen\u27s effects is crucial for treating ER+ breast cancer, but current therapies often have significant side effects and limitations. Chrysin, a natural flavonoid, has shown potential in reducing estrogen receptor expression, but its poor water solubility hampers clinical application. This study explores the use of mesoporous dopamine nanoparticles (mPDA) to enhance the delivery and efficacy of Chrysin, combined with photothermal therapy (PTT), for breast cancer treatment. Methods: Chrysin-loaded mPDA nanoparticles (Chrysin@mPDA) were synthesized and characterized for their morphology, drug-loading efficiency, stability, and photothermal properties. Network pharmacology was used to predict Chrysin\u27s mechanisms in breast cancer, which were validated through gene expression analysis in cell experiments. The therapeutic efficacy of Chrysin@mPDA with and without PTT was evaluated in a mouse model of breast cancer, with tumor volume and weight measured. Immunohistochemical analysis was conducted to assess estrogen receptor expression and immune cell infiltration in tumor tissues. Results: Chrysin@mPDA nanoparticles demonstrated a high drug-loading capacity and excellent stability. Photothermal studies confirmed the nanoparticles\u27 ability to generate heat upon laser exposure, significantly enhancing Chrysin release in acidic conditions with laser irradiation. Network pharmacology identified key target genes affected by Chrysin, including ESR1, BRCA1, CTNNB1, and BAX, which were validated through qPCR. In vivo, the combination of Chrysin@mPDA and PTT significantly reduced tumor volume and weight, decreased estrogen receptor-positive cells, and increased infiltration of CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ T cells in tumor tissues. Discussion: The study highlights the potential of Chrysin-loaded mPDA nanoparticles combined with PTT as an effective strategy for breast cancer treatment. This approach addresses the limitations of Chrysin\u27s solubility and enhances its therapeutic efficacy through synergistic mechanisms. The dual action of Chrysin in modulating gene expression and PTT in inducing localized hyperthermia and immune response suggests a promising avenue for improved breast cancer prognosis and reduced recurrence