Impact of pulmonary exposure to gold core silver nanoparticles of different size and capping agents on cardiovascular injury

Background:The uses of engineered nanomaterials have expanded in biomedical technology and consumer manufacturing. Furthermore, pulmonary exposure to various engineered nanomaterials has, likewise, demonstrated the ability to exacerbate cardiac ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the influence of particle size or capping agent remains unclear. In an effort to address these influences we explored response to 2 different size gold core nanosilver particles (AgNP) with two different capping agents at 2 different time points. We hypothesized that a pulmonary exposure to AgNP induces cardiovascular toxicity influenced by inflammation and vascular dysfunction resulting in expansion of cardiac I/R Injury that is sensitive to particle size and the capping agent. Methods: Male Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed to 200 μg of 20 or 110 nm polyvinylprryolidone (PVP) or citrate capped AgNP. One and 7 days following intratracheal instillation serum was analyzed for concentrations of selected cytokines; cardiac I/R injury and isolated coronary artery and aorta segment were assessed for constrictor responses and endothelial dependent relaxation and endothelial independent nitric oxide dependent relaxation. Results: AgNP instillation resulted in modest increase in selected serum cytokines with elevations in IL-2, IL-18, and IL-6. Instillation resulted in a derangement of vascular responses to constrictors serotonin or phenylephrine, as well as endothelial dependent relaxations with acetylcholine or endothelial independent relaxations by sodium nitroprusside in a capping and size dependent manner. Exposure to both 20 and 110 nm AgNP resulted in exacerbation cardiac I/R injury 1 day following IT instillation independent of capping agent with 20 nm AgNP inducing marginally greater injury. Seven days following IT instillation the expansion of I/R injury persisted but the greatest injury was associated with exposure to 110 nm PVP capped AgNP resulted in nearly a two-fold larger infarct size compared to naïve. Conclusions: Exposure to AgNP may result in vascular dysfunction, a potentially maladaptive sensitization of the immune system to respond to a secondary insult (e.g., cardiac I/R) which may drive expansion of I/R injury at 1 and 7 days following IT instillation where the extent of injury could be correlated with capping agents and AgNP size.This work was supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences U19ES019525, U01ES020127, U19ES019544 and East Carolina Universit

Antimicrobial activity of Ti-ZrN/Ag coatings for use in biomaterial applications

Severely broken bones often require external bone fixation pins to provide support but they can become infected. In order to reduce such infections, novel solutions are required. Titanium zirconium nitride (Ti-ZrN) and Ti-ZrN silver (Ti-ZrN/Ag) coatings were deposited onto stainless steel. Surface microtopography demonstrated that on the silver containing surfaces, Sa and Sv values demonstrated similar trends whilst the Ra, average height and RMS value and Sp values increased with increasing silver concentration. On the Ti-ZrN/Ag coatings, surface hydrophobicity followed the same trend as the Sa and Sv values. An increase in dead Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis cells was observed on the coatings with a higher silver concentration. Using CTC staining, a significant increase in S. aureus respiration on the silver containing surfaces was observed in comparison to the stainless steel control whilst against S. epidermidis, no significant difference in viable cells was observed across the surfaces. Cytotoxicity testing revealed that the TiZrN coatings, both with and without varying silver concentrations, did not possess a detrimental effect to a human monocyte cell line U937. This work demonstrated that such coatings have the potential to reduce the viability of bacteria that result in pin tract infections

Flow cytometry data SBCW with Eurobitum for: Water-soluble bitumen degradation products can fuel nitrate reduction from non-radioactive bituminized waste

Flow Cytometry data files of anoxic batch experiments performed in synthetic Boom Clay pore water supplemented with 3 cubes of Eurobitum and 15 mM sodium acetate, 15 mM sodium formate, 15 mM sodium oxalate, a combination of 5 mM sodium acetate, 5 mM sodium formate and 5 mM sodium oxalate or without additional organic additive. The microbial community of Boom Clay pore water obtained from piezometer TD-11D-23 was used as inoculum to study ongoing microbial reactions

Flow cytometry data SBCW without Eurobitum for: Water-soluble bitumen degradation products can fuel nitrate reduction from non-radioactive bituminized waste

Flow Cytometry data files of anoxic batch experiments performed in synthetic Boom Clay pore water supplemented with 15 mM sodium acetate, 15 mM sodium formate, 15 mM sodium oxalate, a combination of 5 mM sodium acetate, 5 mM sodium formate and 5 mM sodium oxalate or without additional organic additive. The microbial community of Boom Clay pore water obtained from piezometer TD-11D-23 was used as inoculum to study ongoing microbial reactions

Flow cytometry data SBCW with Eurobitum for: Water-soluble bitumen degradation products can fuel nitrate reduction from non-radioactive bituminized waste

Flow Cytometry data files of anoxic batch experiments performed in synthetic Boom Clay pore water supplemented with 3 cubes of Eurobitum and 15 mM sodium acetate, 15 mM sodium formate, 15 mM sodium oxalate, a combination of 5 mM sodium acetate, 5 mM sodium formate and 5 mM sodium oxalate or without additional organic additive. The microbial community of Boom Clay pore water obtained from piezometer TD-11D-23 was used as inoculum to study ongoing microbial reactions.THIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOV

Flow cytometry data SBCW without Eurobitum for: Water-soluble bitumen degradation products can fuel nitrate reduction from non-radioactive bituminized waste

Flow Cytometry data files of anoxic batch experiments performed in synthetic Boom Clay pore water supplemented with 15 mM sodium acetate, 15 mM sodium formate, 15 mM sodium oxalate, a combination of 5 mM sodium acetate, 5 mM sodium formate and 5 mM sodium oxalate or without additional organic additive. The microbial community of Boom Clay pore water obtained from piezometer TD-11D-23 was used as inoculum to study ongoing microbial reactions.THIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOV

Characterization of the survival ability of Cupriavidus metallidurans and Ralstonia pickettii from space-related environments.

Four Cupriavidus metallidurans and eight Ralstonia pickettii isolates from the space industry and the International Space Station (ISS) were characterized in detail. Nine of the 12 isolates were able to form a biofilm on plastics and all were resistant to several antibiotics. R. pickettii isolates from the surface of the Mars Orbiter prior to flight were 2.5 times more resistant to UV-C(254nm) radiation compared to the R. pickettii type strain. All isolates showed moderate to high tolerance against at least seven different metal ions. They were tolerant to medium to high silver concentrations (0.5-4 μM), which are higher than the ionic silver disinfectant concentrations measured regularly in the drinking water aboard the ISS. Furthermore, all isolates survived a 23-month exposure to 2 μM AgNO(3) in drinking water. These resistance properties are putatively encoded by their endogenous megaplasmids. This study demonstrated that extreme resistance is not required to withstand the disinfection and sterilization procedures implemented in the ISS and space industry. All isolates acquired moderate to high tolerance against several stressors and can grow in oligotrophic conditions, enabling them to persist in these environments