Absorption Spectrum of the NO Molecule. V - Survey of Excited States and Their Interactions

High resolution absorption spectrograms of excited nitrogen oxide molecular interaction

From Pato to Parlor.: Domesticity, Masculinity, Religious Space, and Alternative Archives in 20th-Century Ghana

Vom pato zur Wohnstube. Häuslichkeit, männlichkeit, religiöser Raum und alternative Archive im Ghana des 20. Jahrhunderts Die Missionare, die vor 150 Jahren im heutigen Südwest-Ghana ankamen, fanden eine Form häuslicher Architektur vor, die weitgehend von Gender-Prinzipien geprägt war. Jeder, der es sich leisten konnte, baute in seinem Gehöft einen auf drei Seiten geschlossenen Plattform (pato), wo er Besucher empfangen konnte. Ebenfalls wichtig war der Raum, in dem die sakralen Hocker der matrilinearen Ahnen aufbewahrt wurden. Mit der Ausbreitung des Christentums im frühen 20. Jahrhundert entstand eine neue Klasse gebildeter Männer, die zwar im Einklang mit den Forderungen der Missionare zusammen mit der Ehefrau und den Kindern in einem Haus wohnten, aber innerhalb davon eine Stube hatten, die einen männlichen Raum darstellte. Sie übernahm sowohl die Funktion des sakralen Hockerraums (sie war mit christlicher Ikonographie geschmückt und diente unter anderem als Gebetsraum) als auch die des Besucherraums. Dieser Wandel in der Architektur widerspiegelte den Übergang zu einem neuen Männertypu

Natürliche Konservierung fürs Joghurt

Dieser Artikel wurde mit freundlicher Genehmigung des Verlags zweitveröffentlicht

Natürliche Konservierung fürs Joghurt

Dieser Artikel wurde mit freundlicher Genehmigung des Verlags zweitveröffentlicht

In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of IGF-1 Delivery Strategies on Tendon Healing: A Review

Tendon injuries suffer from a slow healing, often ending up in fibrovascular scar formation, leading to inferior mechanical properties and even re-rupture upon resumption of daily work or sports. Strategies including the application of growth factors have been under view for decades. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is one of the used growth factors and has been applied to tenocyte in vitro cultures as well as in animal preclinical models and to human patients due to its anabolic and matrix stimulating effects. In this narrative review, we cover the current literature on IGF-1, its mechanism of action, in vitro cell cultures (tenocytes and mesenchymal stem cells), as well as in vivo experiments. We conclude from this overview that IGF-1 is a potent stimulus for improving tendon healing due to its inherent support of cell proliferation, DNA and matrix synthesis, particularly collagen I, which is the main component of tendon tissue. Nevertheless, more in vivo studies have to be performed in order to pave the way for an IGF-1 application in orthopedic clinics. Keywords: tenocytes; stem cells; growth factor; collagen; PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway; Ras-MAPK pathway; PLC pathwa

Recent developments in cheese cultures with protective and probiotic functionalities

Microorganisms play essential roles in the manufacture and ripening of cheese, largely contributing to the development of organoleptic properties by their metabolism and varied enzymatic activities, and to microbiological safety through barrier effects of complex microflora and production of several low-molecular-weight antimicrobial compounds. Although extensive research has been done on bacteriocins of cheese bacteria for controlling pathogens in cheese, until now only few applications have emerged. The control of spoilage yeasts and moulds has been traditionally done by chemical additives, but the application of new antifungal protective cultures is very promising, especially for the cheese industry. It has also been recently shown that naturally established cheese microflora can efficiently prevent the growth of pathogenic or spoilage microorganisms. Cheese is also a very suitable but underused carrier for the delivery of probiotic bacteria, conferring health benefits on the host, with specific advantages compared with fermented milks and yoghurts such as high cell viability. This review addresses the latest developments in applications of protective cultures (with bacteriocin and antifungal activities) or microflora with barrier effects, and probiotic cultures for the production of high quality, safe and "healthy” cheese, as well as emphasizing some of the underlying challenges and possible solutions. Furthermore, new safety criteria for food cultures relating to the presence and transferability of antibiotic resistance genes are discusse