Effect of subacute poisoning with selected pyrethroids on fresh spatial memory and movement activity in mice

Introduction. Pyrethroids are commonly used in agriculture and for indoor insect control. They act as neurotoxins mainly  via sodium channels in neurons. People can be exposed to traces of these xenobiotics dermally, with food, at home or at workplace. Three pyrethroids: cypermethrin, lambdacyhalothrin, and betacyfluthrin were chosen for modelling subacute oral poisoning in mice.The aim of the study was to assess if 7-day exposure to 0.1LD50 of each compound could impair memory and motor activity in mice.Material and methods. A total of 64 mice were divided into  8 groups of 8 animals: females controls, males controls, females receiving cypermethrin, males receiving cypermethrin, females receiving lambdacyhalothrin, males receiving lambdacyhalothrin, females receiving  betacyfluthrin, males receiving betacyfluthrin. They were given 0.1LD50 of a pyrethroid dissolved in canola oil by gavage daily for 7 days. They were tested in a Y-maze on day 1 and 7.Results. Subacute poisoning with betacyfluthrin significantly reduces locomotor activity in females on day 1  and in both genders on day 7 without effect on fresh spatial memory.Conclusion. Betacyfluthrin is the most harmful of the tested pesticides

Probiotics in urolithiasis

Urolithiasis is considered a civilization disease. The prevalence is estimated at 5-20% of the population. There are many litogenesis risk factors such as hypercalciuria, hypophosphaturia, low urine pH or increased excretion of oxalates with urine - a condition called hyperoxaluria which is a major risk factor for renal stones. Oxalate urolithiasis can be caused by defects in oxalates metabolism, excessive intake in the diet or increased intestinal absorption of oxalates. The reason of hyperoxaluria might be a genetic defect (primary hyperoxaluria) or excessive consumption due to improper diet (secondary hyperoxaluria). Human intestinal flora plays an important role in oxalates metabolism. Described in the 1980s Oxalobacter formigenes, inhabiting the human gastrointestinal tract is known for contributing to decrease the excretion of oxalates with urine and consequently, reduce the risk of recurrence of kidney stones. Other known bacteria which have a beneficial effect on the metabolism of oxalates include Lactobacillus, Enterococcus faecalis, Providentia retgerri. These bacteria may be useful in the future treatment of calcium oxalate urolithiasis

The forms of physical activity chosen by young adults

Popiołek Joanna, Kusz Monika, Alzubedi Adam, Konopelko Michał. The forms of physical activity chosen by young adults. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2018;8(9):1443-1448 eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1434800 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/6089 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/sedno-webapp/works/879004 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part b item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eissn 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2018; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.08.2018. Revised: 18.08.2018. Accepted: 15.09.2018. The forms of physical activity chosen by young adults Joanna Popiołek1, Monika Kusz2, Adam Alzubedi3, Michał Konopelko4 1Department of Cardiology, Cardinal Wyszynski Hospital in Lublin 2Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Medical University of Lublin 3Department of General and Transplant Surgery and Nutritional Treatment, Medical University of Lublin 4Chair and Department of Hygiene, Medical University of Lublin Address for correspondence: Joanna Popiolek, Department of Cardiology, 100 Krasnicka Al., 20-718 Lublin, Poland, phone: +48 81 537 47 40 e-mail: [email protected] Abstract The positive impact of regular physical activity is a widely recognized fact. The WHO recommends that people of all ages exercise 30 minutes of exercise every day. In the context of the sedentary lifestyle and changes in social behavior patterns in recent years, there is a need to examine the habits of young adults regarding physical activity. The aim of the study was to investigate which forms of exercises are preferred by young adults and how much time they devote to them. The study was conducted on a group of 42 people (16 men and 26 women). Respondents were asked about the forms of physical activity they choose most often and the time during the week they devote to them. A written questionnaire with multiple-choice questions was used to obtain the data. The most common form of activity chosen by young adults was walking (66.7% of the group). The next forms were dancing (42.9%) and swimming (38.1%). Referring to time issues, respondents spent 209 minutes a week on physical activity (SD 190). Men spent 315 minutes and women 143 minutes per week. At the same time, respondents spent the most time on walking (55 minutes per week on average), 31 minutes and 29 minutes per week for gym training and dancing respectively. Among young adults, the most-chosen form of physical activity was walking, which may be related to its undemanding character. Young adults devoted enough time to physical activity according to WHO recommendations. They care about their physical condition by participating both moderate and intense physical activities. Key words: physical activity, exercise, young adults’ healt

Musculoskeletal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease

Musculoskeletal manifestations are one of the most frequent extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Inflammatory of joints in IBD, both peripheral and axial arthopathies, belong to the spondyloarthritis group (SpA). The prevalence of the arthritis varies in different studies concerning around 5-14% patient with UC and 10-20% in CD. According to the Assessment in the Spondyloarthitis International Sociaty, SpA are divided into axial and peripheral SpA based on the predominant symptoms. Two main patterns of peripheral arthritis of IBD were distinguished with different clinical presentation. Type 1 is characterized by acute and self-limiting symptoms such as pain, swelling or effusion affecting less than five, preferentially large joints, usually correlating with IBD flares. Management of the underlying disease is treatment of choice. Type 2 is characterized by polyarticular symmetric arthritis mainly affecting small joints of upper limbs. Symptoms of type 2 are often persistent for months or even years, independent of disease activity, requiring long-term treatment. Both types should be differentiated from commonly occurring arthralgia also associated with corticosteroid withdrawal. In addition to SpA, enthesitis, tenosynovitis and dactylitis may be diagnosed in IBD ranging from 7% to 50% of cases. Osteoporosis is also important complication observed in IBD with multifactorial pathogenesis i.e., corticosteroid and immunosuppressive treatment, extensive small-bowel disease or resection, age, low physical activity, nutritional deficiencies. The overall prevalence of osteoporosis in IBD is approximately 10-20%

The efficacy of art therapy in psychiatric patients

Introduction: Art therapy is a form of psychotherapy that uses art media as its primary mode of expression and communication and enables individuals to use art to creatively express themselves. Art therapy is used to improve cognitive and sensorimotor functions, foster self-esteem and self-awareness, cultivate emotional resilience, promote insight, enhance social skills, reduce and resolve conflicts and distress. Purpose: The purpose of the review is to present the different uses of art therapy in psychiatric patients. State of knowledge: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence identifies that arts therapies, including art therapy or art psychotherapy, dance movement therapy, body psychotherapy, drama therapy and music therapy, are considered to improve negative symptoms of psychosis. Improved social skills are likely to be associated with increases in prosocial behaviours. Art therapy interventions are effective in reducing trauma symptom severity and anxiety in traumatized adults. Art and music therapy programs were effective in reducing the degree of depression. Summary: Art therapy is a part of therapy in many psychiatric diseases, including depressive disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder and psychotic disorders. Although the effectiveness of art therapy has been confirmed by some studies, this topic should still be investigated so that art therapy can become more effective and available for bigger group of patients

Available treatment methods for endometriosis

Introduction and and purpose of paper: The aim of this paper was to present modern methods of treatment for endometriosis. Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory condition of women that is characterized by the implementation of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. It affects 7 to 15% of menstruating women, and 35 to 50% of women treated for infertility. State of knowledge: Diagnosis of endometriosis is made on the basis of well-collected gynecological history, clinical examinations and imaging techniques. The golden standard for diagnostics is laparoscopy with subsequent histological examination of the material collected during the procedure. Among the methods of treatment in women with endometriosis, pharmacological and surgical treatment is applied. The pharmacological agents most commonly used in endometriosis are: combined hormonal contraceptives, progestins and anti-progestins, GnRH agonists and antagonists, aromatase inhibitors, Danazol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Pharmacological treatment is only symptomatic, not cytoreductive, therefore, to remove endometriosis lesions, surgery should be performed. There are two ways to perform surgery: laparotomy and laparoscopy. Surgical treatment of endometriosis may be associated with local excision of lesions and sometimes even removal of the entire organ. Treatment should be conducted in consultation with the patient and her wishes. Conservative treatment is most commonly used among women of reproductive age. Summary: The pharmaceutical or surgical treatment require an individual approach and deliberated informed consent of patient. Pharmacological treatment is only symptomatic, not cytoreductive, therefore, to remove endometriosis lesions, surgery should be performed

Precocious puberty in children - diagnosis, causes and treatment

Physiological sexual maturation begins with pulsatile gonadoliberin (GnRH) secretion by neurons in the arcuate hypothalamic nuclei. GnRH affects the synthesis and pulsatile secretion of the anterior pituitary gonadotropic hormones - LH and FSH, which through stimulation of the gonads lead to the production and secretion of sex hormones - estrogens and testosterone. Sex hormones are responsible for the development of secondary and tertiary sexual characteristics. The mechanisms responsible for inhibiting GnRH secretion in pre-pubertal children have not been fully understood, but they are most likely the result of homeostasis prevailing between neuronal excitatory and inhibitory systems. The entire course of puberty in children is a complex process and is influenced by a wide range of environmental and individual factors. This translates into a large range of physiological age limits for the onset of puberty: in girls between 8 and 13 years of age (on average 10 years), while for boys between 9 and 14 years of age (on average 12 years). Many factors are responsible for precocious puberty in children. The course of the disease affects both the physical and psychological sphere of the child. In order to compensate for the distant effects of this disease, it is necessary to detect symptoms early and implement effective treatment to avoid long-term complications. Emphasis should also be placed on health education to raise public awareness

Psychiatric manifestations of Lyme disease

Introduction: Lyme disease is an infectious disease caused by Borrelia bacteria. Characteristic symptoms are erythema migrans, facial nerve palsy, aseptic meningitis, acquired heart blocks, chronic arthritis and radiculitis. The psychiatric manifestations of Lyme disease are known. They include cognitive, emotional and behavioral symptoms and syndromes. Purpose: The aim of the review was to present psychiatric disorders caused by Borrelia infection. State of knowledge: There are three basic types of infections causing neuropsychiatric symptoms: the meningovascular form associated with cerebrovascular infarcts; infection within the central nervous system which is the atrophic form of Lyme meningoencephalitis and is associated with cortical atrophy, gliosis and dementia and the last is infection outside the CNS causing immune and other effects within the CNS that contribute to neuropsychiatric symptoms. A range of psychiatric manifestations of borreliosis include psychosis, sleep disorders, anxiety disorders, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, intrusive symptoms, cognitive impairments and rapidly developing dementia. Summary: Lyme disease is a common problem in medical practice of many health professionals. It is important that physicians of different specialties, including psychiatrists, consider Lyme disease in differential diagnosis. Appropriate pharmacotherapy can stop the progression of the disease and improve the patient's quality of life

Nose cavity and paranasal sinus tumors

Introduction and purpose of paper: The aim of this paper was to present diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties in management of sinonasal tumors, which are extremely rare. First symptoms are not specific, that is why patients usually present with advanced tumors at the moment of diagnosis. Optimal treatment depends upon extent or stage of disease. State of knowledge: Tumors of nose cavity and paranasal sinuses affecting less than 1 in 100 000 people per year. They are result of abnormal proliferation of variety of structures in the nose. Tumors in sinonasal region grow slowly and may invade local structures, for example the skull base, orbit, or brain. Symptoms of tumors of this region are not specific. This is reason why they are often misdiagnosed by the doctors. Proper detection and diagnostic examination require histopathology examination and imaging test such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Due to type and stage of tumor, the treatment options are surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy, used separate or in combination. Summary: Nasal cavity and paranasal sinus tumors are rare, with a wide spectrum of histological differentiation. The accurate diagnosis of tumor plays a significant role influencing the therapeutic conduct and prognosis

Tobacco smoking as risk factor of laryngeal cancer

Introduction: Laryngeal cancer is one of the most common type of head and neck cancers. It develops due to spontaneous mutation or influence of external factors (physical, biological and chemical). Cigarette smoking is primary chemical risk factor of laryngeal cancers. Purpose: The aim of the review was to present a role of tobacco smoking in the causation of laryngeal cancer. State of knowledge: Many of studies performed past years confirmed the correlation between tobacco addiction and head and neck cancers. 75% of all head and neck cancers are caused by cigarette smoking, which contains thousands of chemicals. More than 60 of them are known as carcinogens. Summary: Laryngeal cancer is the most common head and neck cancer. The prevalence of laryngeal cancer is increased by several carcinogens including tobacco smoking, which is known as the major risk factor of this type of cancers