The Exclusive Economic Zone: The Impact of the 1982 Law of the Sea Treaty on Worldwide U.S. Naval Operations

The focus of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III) was on the development of an international legal regime for the peaceful use of the world\u27s oceans. The maritime powers, particularly the United States, viewed this new regime in terms of preserving traditional high seas freedom of navigation and overflight, and limiting expanding coastal state claims over their adjacent water and airspace. Developing countries, emerging from a period of decolonization, sought to enhance their security and gain economic benefit from this new legal regime, through the seaward extension of claims to jurisdiction over what had traditionally been high seas. The emergence of a 200 nautical mile Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) from UNCLOS III represents a mixed blessing for the United States in terms of gains in sovereign rights and jurisdiction over the natural resources of a large portion of coastal real estate, versus the potential loss of traditional high seas freedoms of navigation and overflight in the EEZ\u27s of other coastal states. the sui generis nature of the EEZ represents a compromise between the maritime powers and development countries over the legal status of the zone, but is clearly not a final solution to a continuing debate. The impact on U.S. military interests of the legal regime for the EEZ will depend on individual interpretations of the 1982 Law of the Sea Treaty and evolving coastal state practice. Accordingly, such interpretation and practice deserve to be carefully followed

The variability of a web offset newspaper press run as measured by the Eastman Kodak Company\u27s customized color analysis target

The variability of a press run as measured by Eastman Kodak Company\u27s Customized Color Analysis Target was studied and quantified in the areas of Pre-press requirements, Press Performance and Color Measurement. The test was conducted on a web offset newspaper press maintained to industry standards. The target was printed along with three halftones consisting of high-key, low-key and normal images. The halftone images were be used by the pressman to visually check and evaluate the press sheets during the run to maintain quality. A running color bar was also printed to provide densitometric readings. The test target was be evaluated using a computer controlled spectrophotometer and this information pertained to specific conditions of ink, paper, plates, U.C.R. , image type, etc.. The results are presented in the form of time series graphs which show the large degree of variability experienced by this press. The importance of selectivity in choosing a representative sample sheet is emphasized. The various events which can occur during a press run are documented by standard graphic arts variables measured by the test target. A comparison of initial prepress curves and suggested prepress curves is presented, and the effects of a second press run using the suggested prepress curves are predicted. The use of the quantity E as a quality criterion is explored. Lastly, methods for further study are suggested

THE CANINES OF HORACE’S EPODES

A wide variety of animal imagery occurs in the Epodes (i.e. canines, reptiles and amphibians, birds, farm animals, marine animals, wild animals and mythical animals); however for the purposes of this article I will focus on the most common imagery, namely canine imagery. The article attempts to identify different functions associated with canine imagery which in turn clarifies Horace’s intended purpose with the Epodes — a notoriously difficult proposition

Bid-Centric Cloud Service Provisioning

Bid-centric service descriptions have the potential to offer a new cloud service provisioning model that promotes portability, diversity of choice and differentiation between providers. A bid matching model based on requirements and capabilities is presented that provides the basis for such an approach. In order to facilitate the bidding process, tenders should be specified as abstractly as possible so that the solution space is not needlessly restricted. To this end, we describe how partial TOSCA service descriptions allow for a range of diverse solutions to be proposed by multiple providers in response to tenders. Rather than adopting a lowest common denominator approach, true portability should allow for the relative strengths and differentiating features of cloud service providers to be applied to bids. With this in mind, we describe how TOSCA service descriptions could be augmented with additional information in order to facilitate heterogeneity in proposed solutions, such as the use of coprocessors and provider-specific services

Universal Dripping and Jetting in a Transverse Shear Flow

One particularly efficient approach to making emulsions having monosized droplets is to push a fluid through an orifice into a transverse flow of a second immiscible fluid. We find that, at an intermediate particle Reynolds number, the final droplet size can be readily computed using a simple force balance. Remarkably like the well-known dripping faucet, this system displays both dripping and jetting behavior, controlled by the capillary, Weber and Ohnesorge numbers of the relevant fluids, and interesting nonlinear behavior such as period doubling near the transition between these two regimes

The Physical Characteristics of the Small-Scale Interstellar Structure towards Mu Crucis

We present HST/GHRS echelle observations of multiple interstellar lines of CI, MgI, CrII, and ZnII towards both stars in the mu Cru binary system. Despite large differences in the profiles of the neutral species, no significant variations between the stars are seen in the CrII and ZnII line profiles. In particular, the ZnII absorption observed at -8.6 km/sec towards mu Cru is constant despite greatly enhanced columns of the neutral species at this velocity towards mu^1 Cru. An analysis of the fine-structure excitation of CI in this cloud implies that the density is n_H < 250 cm^{-3}. From the lack of variation in the (optical) NaI D2 line profiles towards mu^1 and mu^2 Cru in spectra taken 21 months apart, we can place a lower limit to the size of the structures of ~10 AU. These results are discussed in the context of recent radio and optical studies of apparently pervasive high density small-scale interstellar structure.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures, to appear in the Astrophysical Journal (Letters

The Formation and Evolution of Planetary Systems: Description of the Spitzer Legacy Science Database

We present the science database produced by the Formation and Evolution of Planetary Systems (FEPS) Spitzer Legacy program. Data reduction and validation procedures for the IRAC, MIPS, and IRS instruments are described in detail. We also derive stellar properties for the FEPS sample from available broad-band photometry and spectral types, and present an algorithm to normalize Kurucz synthetic spectra to optical and near-infrared photometry. The final FEPS data products include IRAC and MIPS photometry for each star in the FEPS sample and calibrated IRS spectra.Comment: 64 pages, 12 figures, 5 tables; accepted for publication in ApJ

The Trypanosoma cruzi enzyme TcGPXI is a glycosomal peroxidase and can be linked to trypanothione reduction by glutathione or tryparedoxin.

Trypanosoma cruzi glutathione-dependent peroxidase I (TcGPXI) can reduce fatty acid, phospholipid, and short chain organic hydroperoxides utilizing a novel redox cycle in which enzyme activity is linked to the reduction of trypanothione, a parasite-specific thiol, by glutathione. Here we show that TcGPXI activity can also be linked to trypanothione reduction by an alternative pathway involving the thioredoxin-like protein tryparedoxin. The presence of this new pathway was first detected using dialyzed soluble fractions of parasite extract. Tryparedoxin was identified as the intermediate molecule following purification, sequence analysis, antibody studies, and reconstitution of the redox cycle in vitro. The system can be readily saturated by trypanothione, the rate-limiting step being the interaction of trypanothione with the tryparedoxin. Both tryparedoxin and TcGPXI operate by a ping-pong mechanism. Overexpression of TcGPXI in transfected parasites confers increased resistance to exogenous hydroperoxides. TcGPXI contains a carboxyl-terminal tripeptide (ARI) that could act as a targeting signal for the glycosome, a kinetoplastid-specific organelle. Using immunofluorescence, tagged fluorescent proteins, and biochemical fractionation, we have demonstrated that TcGPXI is localized to both the glycosome and the cytosol. The ability of TcGPXI to use alternative electron donors may reflect their availability at the corresponding subcellular sites