Bactericidal Surfaces: An Emerging 21st Century Ultra-Precision Manufacturing and Materials Puzzle

Progress made by materials scientists in recent years has greatly helped the field of ultra-precision manufacturing. Ranging from healthcare to electronics components, phenomena such as twinning, dislocation nucleation, and high-pressure phase transformation have helped to exploit plasticity across a wide range of metallic and semiconductor materials. One current problem at the forefront of the healthcare sector that can benefit from these advances is that of bacterial infections in implanted prosthetic devices. The treatment of implant infections is often complicated by the growth of bacterial biofilms on implant surfaces, which form a barrier that effectively protects the infecting organisms from host immune defenses and exogenous antibiotics. Further surgery is usually required to disrupt the biofilm, or to remove the implant altogether to permit antibiotics to clear the infection, incurring considerable cost and healthcare burdens. In this review, we focus on elucidating aspects of bactericidal surfaces inspired by the biological world to inform the design of implant surface treatments that will suppress bacterial colonization. Alongside manufacturing and materials related challenges, the review identifies the most promising natural bactericidal surfaces and provides representative models of their structure, highlighting the importance of the critical slope presented by these surfaces. The scalable production of these complex hierarchical structures on freeform metallic implant surfaces has remained a scientific challenge to date and, as identified by this review, is one of the many 21st-century puzzles to be addressed by the field of applied physics

Design and function for freeform surfaces. How to texture 3D parts with micro- and nanostructures automated and distortion-free

Anyone who has ever tried to gift-wrap a ball elegantly will be familiar with the problem: It is not easy to wrap a two-dimensional structure around a three-dimensional object without ending up with numerous folds and kinks. The Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT in Aachen is currently developing a software module which will be capable of transferring functional structures to complex shapes

Freiformflächen mit dem Laser gezielt strukturieren

Wer schon einmal versucht hat, einen Ball in Geschenkpapier einzuwickeln, kennt das Problem: Eine zweidimensionale Struktur ohne Knicke und Verzerrungen auf ein dreidimensionales Objekt abzuwickeln, ist nicht leicht. Forscher haben mithilfe von Software einen neuen Ansatz realisiert