Physical Activity in Work and Leisure Time during Pregnancy, and Its Influence on Maternal Health and Perinatal Outcomes

Physical inactivity during pregnancy has been shown to be linked to an increased risk of complications. However, during pregnancy, doubts arise about what type, intensity and frequency of physical activity are most recommended. Objective: Our main objective was to know the level of physical activity (PA) and sedentary lifestyle in a representative sample of pregnant women in Málaga, one of the most populated cities in Spain. Also, we aimed to find out the effects of PA on obstetric and perinatal outcomes and on the mental health of pregnant women, differentiated according to PA intensity and domain. Methods: Five hundred and forty full-term pregnant women who had their obstetric checks in the maternity ward of the Regional University Hospital of Málaga were recruited through consecutive sampling. Participants answered a questionnaire that included the WHO Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), the Edinburgh Depression Scale (EDS), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and some other sociodemographic and health-related questions. Subsequently, information about perinatal outcomes was obtained after birth. Results: Only 50.8% of women followed the WHO recommendations on activity. We found a high proportion of obese pregnant women and a direct effect of a sedentary lifestyle on the rate of cesarean sections and vulvovaginal tears in spontaneous births, as well as on the mental health of future mothers. Women’s age, the number of children, BMI at the beginning of pregnancy and leisure time physical activity (LTPA) explained anxiety scores, and age, LTPA, BMI at the end of pregnancy and intense work-related physical activity (WTPA) predicted depression scores. Conclusions: LTPA improves obstetric outcomes, helping to reduce the rate of cesarean sections and vulvovaginal tears, as well as reducing prenatal anxiety and depression.Plan Propio de investigación de la Universidad de Málag

La situación laboral del egresado en Magisterio de Educación Física: garantía de calidad

.Abstract: The introduction of the European Higher Education Area in a new culture of quality in Higher Education, makes us ask about the aspects thatgive quality to it. Among the quality factors in Higher Education we can find: University guidance and analysis of the graduate ́s incorporation into thelabour world. In this article we present the research we did in conducted at the six classes of graduates of Teaching in Physical Education from theUniversity of Seville (N = 292). From the data we obteined, we can observe that 95% of the surveyed population does not ask for work or professionalguidance during their degree and 63% of the surveyed population find their first job connected with the world of sport and physical activity, while 37%of this population has a work connected with other topics. Thus, we can conclude that most graduates of Teaching in Physical Education do not receiveguidance for their incorporation into the labour world. This is why no everygraduate can get a job connected with the world of sport and physical activityLa implantación del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior, dentro de una nueva cultura de la calidad en la enseñanza superior, nos haceplantearnos sobre qué aspectos son los que dan calidad a la misma. Entre los factores de calidad de la enseñanza superior se encuentran, la orientaciónen las Universidades y el análisis de la inserción laboral de los egresados. En el texto presentamos una investigación llevada a cabo a seis promocionesde egresados de Magisterio especialistas en Educación Física en la Universidad de Sevilla (N=292). A partir de los datos obtenidos observamos que un 95%de la población encuestada no pide orientación laboral o profesional durante la carrera y que un 63% encuentra un primer trabajo relacionado con elmundo de la actividad física y el deporte, mientras que un 37% su trabajo está relacionado con otros temas. Por tanto, concluimos que la mayoría de losegresados de Magisterio especialistas en Educación Física no reciben orientación para su inserción laboral por lo que no todos consiguen empleosrelacionados con el mundo de la actividad física y el deporte.Palabra clave: Orientación profesional, tránsito hacia la vida activa, egresados y Educación Físic

Influence of the performance evaluation analysis of the football team players

El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar la influencia de la evaluación del rendimiento que los jugadores de un equipo de fútbol realizan sobre sí mismos o sobre las evaluaciones realizadas por personas externas a ellos. Se estudia, si existe influencia sobre el rendimiento deportivo, y en este caso, se analiza cómo afecta, quienes son los agentes influyentes y cuáles son las evaluaciones que determinan afectación sobre el rendimiento del deportista. Para ello, se ha utilizado el Cuestionario de Características Psicológicas relacionadas con el Rendimiento Deportivo (CPRD). El estudio ha revelado que la influencia de la evaluación recae sobre diferentes variables psicológicas del deportista que según características personales, repercute positiva o negativamente sobre su rendimiento deportivoThe objective of this study is to analyze the influence of performance evaluations on the players of a soccer team that they conduct on themselves or carried out by other people external to the team. The study analyzes if there is influence on athletic performance and. in this case, discusses how it affects them, what are the influential agents and what are the assessments that determine the impact on the performance of the athlete. To do so, the Psychological Characteristics Questionnaire related to Sports Performance (CPRD) was utilized. The study has revealed that the influence of evaluation depends on different psychological variables of the athlete that, depending on personal characteristics, produces a positive or negative impact on his athletic performanc

Opinión de docentes y estudiantes del máster de secundaria sobre las aportaciones de este a la formación del profesorado, la calidad docente y los intereses personales

The aim of this study is to know the opinion of teachers and students of the Master in Teaching Secondary Education, Vocational Training Education and Foreign Language Teaching of a Spanish university about the contributions of the master to the training of future secondary school teachers as well as the teachers’ tasks and the students’ preparation and interests. The sample consisted on 33 teachers and 40 students who took part in the forementioned master. Data collection is performed by a built ad hoc and adapted questionnaire for teachers and students containing 3 subscales (Contributions, Teachers, Students). Although the above obtained results can reinforce and improve weak aspects that can be dealt to a great extent, the conclusions/results show that teachers and students have different opinions in connection with teachers’ work and students’ expectations.El propósito de este estudio es conocer la opinión de los docentes y del alumnado del Máster Universitario en Profesorado de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria y Bachillerato, Formación Profesional y Enseñanza de Idiomas de una universidad española, sobre las aportaciones de dicho máster a la formación del futuro profesorado de Secundaria, la labor de los docentes y la preparación e intereses del alumnado. La muestra está compuesta por 33 profesores y 40 estudiantes que participaron en el citado máster. La recogida de datos se realiza mediante un cuestionario construido ad hoc y adaptado para profesores y alumnos que contiene 3 subescalas (Aportaciones, Profesorado, Estudiantes). Aunque la obtención de los resultados expuestos permite reforzar y mejorar los aspectos débiles que, en la medida de lo posible, puedan abordarse, las conclusiones indican que profesorado y estudiantes opinan de forma diferente en lo relativo a la labor de los primeros y a las expectativas de los segundos

The eclectic landscape: examining Spanish secondary school teachers’ beliefs on literary education

Literary education aims to promote the teaching of reading from an academic, social, and personal perspective. At present there is a consensus on the central role that the school institution plays, which can be translated into explicit and implicit approaches. The objective of this article is to explore Spanish Secondary school teachers’ beliefs about literary education to determine their proximity to each of these two approaches, as well as the coherence within such beliefs, unpacking the relationships between adherence to principles and declared practices. To obtain the data that supports the study, the Beliefs About Literary Education of Secondary School Teachers (BALESST) scale has been elaborated. 1,544 Secondary Education teachers from the 17 Spanish communities and the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla have responded to the scale. For the analysis of the data, the statistical packages of IBM SPSS Statistics, 24.0 and G* Power 3 have been used. The results suggest that Spanish Secondary school teachers are in an eclectic position in the debate between explicit and implicit literary education, reveal relevant discrepancies between the two factors that make up the scale (adherence to principles and declared practices), and allow identify majority and minority representations and practices among teachers

Diagnóstico del aporte de carga contaminante de aguas residuales vertidas por los usuarios comerciales e industriales a la red de alcantarillado del casco urbano del municipio de san josé del Guaviare.

La ciudad de san José del Guaviare, en su proceso de ordenamiento y desarrollo territorial ha impulsado la urbanización, la creación de instituciones “gubernamentales, educativas etc.”, además ha incrementado el sector comercial. Esto ha forjado que día a día sean más los usuarios que requieran de servicios públicos básicos para su bienestar individual y calidad de vida, uno de estos, corresponde al servicio de alcantarillado, aspecto fundamental en el componente de sanidad de aguas. por esta razón, ya no es posible ser indiferentes a las alteraciones ambientales causadas por procesos antrópicos derivados de dichos procesos de crecimiento, uno de sus mayores impactos es la alteración de los cuerpos hídricos por vertimientos directos de aguas residuales, donde su problema principal se basa en la poca conciencia del cuidado del medio ambiente y el desconocimiento del aporte de la carga contaminante que generan los vertimientos del sector comercial e institucional a la red de alcantarillado y a su vez esta al cuerpo receptor, para el caso el rio Guaviare, uno de los mayores aportantes de cause y caudal a la estrella fluvial del Inírida, donde se encuentra un sitio declarado como zona RAMSAR. De ahí la importancia de diagnosticar el aporte de contaminación vertida, y proponer medidas de mitigación, de esta manera el objetivo del proyecto se centra en el estudio de la carga contaminante vertida por los distintos sectores comerciales e institucionales presentes en el casco urbano del municipio de san José del Guaviare a la red de alcantarillado de la empresa EMPOAGUAS ESP. Final mente se espera que la mayor parte del sector en estudio conozca la aplicación de la normatividad ambiental (ley 1955 de 2019, decreto 1076 de 2015, decreto 3930 de 2010, decreto 2667 de 2012, y resolución 0631 de 2015, resolución 0075 de 2011) que respalda el proyecto, así mismo se presenta el nivel de acogida de los usuarios en estudio conectados a la red de alcantarillado para presentar caracterizaciones. Por otra parte, se reconoce y presenta el porcentaje de aporte de carga contaminante (CC) vertida de agua residual al alcantarillado por el sector estudiado en relación a la totalidad de carga contaminante vertida por la red de alcantarillado al cuerpo hídrico receptor.The city of San José del Guaviare, in its process of territorial planning and development, has promoted urbanization, the creation of “governmental, educational, etc.” institutions, and has also increased the commercial sector. This has forged that every day more users require basic public services for their individual well-being and quality of life, one of these, corresponds to the sewer service, a fundamental aspect in the water sanitation component. For this reason, it is no longer possible to be indifferent to the environmental alterations caused by anthropic processes derived from said growth processes, one of its greatest impacts is the alteration of water bodies by direct wastewater discharges, where its main problem is based in the lack of awareness of the care of the environment and the lack of knowledge of the contribution of the pollutant load generated by the discharges of the commercial and institutional sector to the sewerage network and in turn is to the receiving body, in the case the Guaviare river, one of the major contributors of cause and flow to the Inírida river star, where a site declared as RAMSAR zone is located. Hence the importance of diagnosing the contribution of spilled pollution, and proposing mitigation measures, in this way the objective of the project focuses on the study of the pollutant load discharged by the different commercial and institutional sectors present in the urban area of the municipality of San José del Guaviare to the sewerage network of the company EMPOAGUAS ESP. Finally, most of the sector under study is expected to know the application of environmental regulations (law 1955 of 2019, decree 1076 of 2015, decree 3930 of 2010, decree 2667 of 2012, and resolution 0631 of 2015, resolution 0075 of 2011) that supports the project, also presents the level of reception of the users under study connected to the sewage network to present characterizations. On the other hand, the percentage of contribution of pollutant load (CC) discharged from wastewater to sewerage is recognized and presented by the sector studied in relation to the total pollutant load discharged by the sewerage network to the receiving water body

La equidad de género en la educación física: El uso del lenguaje

This study analyzed Spanish teachers' behavior and the transmission of gender stereotypes. We observed 48 physical education lessons given by four Spanish teachers (two men and two women). Descriptive codes, which were generated iteratively, were clustered, categorized, integrated, recoded, and recategorized. They allowed us to identify four major themes related to the transmission of gender stereotypes of teachers: male generics, stereotyped expressions, nominative attention, and priority order. We used a coding sheet as well as audio and video recordings to register the categories. The KruskalWallis test produced significance levels lower than .05, resulting in the rejection of the null hypothesis. Sexist behavior was found in the male generics, nominative attention, and priority order. However, we found no difference in stereotyped expressions.“Igualdade de gênero em educação física: O uso da linguagem.” O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o comportamento dos professores espanhóis na transmissão de estereótipos de gênero para os seus alunos. Observou-se 48 aulas de educação física dadas por quatro professores espanhóis (dois homens e duas mulheres). Os códigos descritivos, que foram gerados de forma iterativa, foram agrupados, categorizados, integrados, recodificados e reclassificados. Identificou-se quatro variáveis relacionando o professorado e a sua transmissão dos estereótipos de gênero: masculinos genéricos, expressões estereotipadas, atenção nominativa e ordem de prioridade. Utilizou-se uma folha de codificação, bem como gravações de áudio e vídeo para os registros. Níveis de significância no teste de Kruskal-Wallis inferiores 0,05 permitiram rejeitar a hipótese nula. Comportamentos sexistas foram encontrados no uso de masculino genérico, a atenção nominativa e ordem de prioridade. No entanto, não foi encontrada diferenças nas expressões estereotipadas

Estrategias de gobierno abierto a nivel subnacional : un análisis de los municipios de sexta categoría de Antioquia y sus estrategias de comunicación

Esta investigación tiene como objeto analizar las estrategias de gobierno abierto en municipios de sexta categoría del departamento de Antioquia, haciendo un rastreo desde lo teórico y desde el marco normativo existente en Colombia, para luego identificar y revisar dichos conceptos desde lo micro, con su aplicación real en el portal web y redes sociales de los municipios. Para este fin, se definen algunas categorías de análisis compuestas por características esenciales que permiten hablar de una correcta aplicación de gobierno abierto en el territorio; con base a esta información, se calificará a los municipios elegidos para el rastreo, dando paso a algunos hallazgos y conclusiones al respecto.This research aims to analyse the effectiveness of open government strategies in municipalities of sixth category of the department of Antioquia, this is achieved by tracking the theoretical and the existing regulatory framework in Colombia, to then identify and review these concepts from a micro perspective, by looking for their actual application on the web portal and social networks of the municipalities. For this purpose, some categories of analysis, composed of essential characteristics that allow to speak of a correct application of open government in the territory are defined; based on this information, the municipalities chosen for tracking will be qualified, giving way to some findings and conclusions in this regard

Perinatal and maternal outcomes according to the accurate term antepartum ultrasound estimation of extreme fetal weights

Background: The accuracy of ultrasound estimation of fetal weight (EFW) at term may be useful in addressing obstetric complications since birth weight (BW) is a parameter that represents an important prognostic factor for perinatal and maternal morbidity. (2) Methods: In a retrospective cohort study of 2156 women with a singleton pregnancy, it is verified whether or not perinatal and maternal morbidity differs between extreme BWs estimated at term by ultrasound within the seven days prior to birth with Accurate EFW (difference < 10% between EFW and BW) and those with Non-Accurate EFW (difference ≥ 10% between EFW and BW). (3) Results: Significantly worse perinatal outcomes (according to different variables such as higher rate of arterial pH at birth < 7.20, higher rate of 1-min Apgar < 7, higher rate of 5-min Apgar < 7, higher grade of neonatal resuscitation and need for admission to the neonatal care unit) were found for extreme BW estimated by antepartum ultrasounds with Non-Accurate EFW compared with those with Accurate EFW. This was the case when extreme BWs were compared according to percentile distribution by sex and gestational age following the national reference growth charts (small for gestational age and large for gestational age), and when they were compared according to weight range (low birth weight and high birth weight). (4) Conclusions: Clinicians should make a greater effort when performing EFW by ultrasound at term in cases of suspected extreme fetal weights, and need to take an increasingly prudent approach to its management.Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag