Spanning presence and absence. Separation anxiety in the early years.

Book Synopsis. This volume is the result of over twenty years of therapeutic interventions with families within the Tavistock Clinic's Under Fives Service. It describes in detail the process of understanding young children's communications and behaviour and the dynamics of family relationships within the consulting room in a lively, accessible style. It covers common themes in work with young children such as disruptive, angry behaviour, separation and sleep difficulties, and problems in the parent/couple relationship. This book is essential reading for all early years professionals hoping to gain a greater understanding of the technique, observational skills and theory which underlie a psychodynamic approach to work with the under fives

p3state.msm: Analyzing Survival Data from an Illness-Death Model

In longitudinal studies of disease, patients can experience several events across a followup period. Analysis of such studies can be successfully performed by multi-state models. In the multi-state framework, issues of interest include the study of the relationship between covariates and disease evolution, estimation of transition probabilities, and survival rates. This paper introduces p3state.msm, a software application for R which performs inference in an illness-death model. It describes the capabilities of the program for estimating semi-parametric regression models and for implementing nonparametric estimators for several quantities. The main feature of the package is its ability for obtaining nonMarkov estimates for the transition probabilities. Moreover, the methods can also be used in progressive three-state models. In such a model, estimators for other quantities, such as the bivariate distribution function (for sequentially ordered events), are also given. The software is illustrated using data from the Stanford Heart Transplant Study.

Algumas reflexões a propósito da bolsa de valores sociais enquanto promotora da responsabilidade social da empresa

1th Iberoamerican Conference on Social Responsibility 1ª Conferência Ibero-americana de Responsabilidade Social 1ª Conferencia Iberoamericana sobre Responsabilidad SocialCentrando-se na cooperativa, esta comunicação subordinada ao tema «Algumas reflexões a propósito da Bolsa de Valores Sociais enquanto promotora da Responsabilidade Social da Empresa» pretende reflectir sobre a Bolsa de Valores Sociais (BVS), recentemente criada em Portugal, cuja finalidade foi, primacialmente, a de permitir a obtenção de meios de financiamento às organizações da Economia Social que se dediquem a projectos nas áreas da educação e do empreendedorismo. Reflexamente, a BVS promoverá a Responsabilidade Social da Empresa, dado que as organizações nela cotadas prosseguirão actividades absolutamente coerentes com aquela. Será, também, dedicada atenção ao conceito de investidor social e às exigências em matéria de transparência e de governação que recaem sobre as organizações cotadas na BVS

MÉDIA AUDIO-VISUAL DINA PANGAJARAN NYARITAKEUN TOKOH IDOLA: Studi Kuasi Ékspérimén ka Siswa Kelas VII C SMP Negeri 6 Cimahi Taun Ajaran 2015/2016

Latar belakang dalam penelitian ini adalah pentingnya media pembelajaran dalam kegiatan belajar-mengajar dan kurangnya kemampuan siswa dalam menceritakan tokoh idola. Penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan untuk mendeskripsikan: (1) kemampuan siswa menceritakan tokoh idola sebelum menggunakan media audio-visual; (2) kemampuan siswa menceritakan tokoh idola sesudah menggunakan media audio-visual; dan (3) terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kemampuan siswa menceritakan tokoh idola sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan media audio-visual. Teknik yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data yaitu tes. Media yang diujicobakan dalam penelitian ini adalah media audio-visual. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada siswa kelas VII C SMP Negeri 6 Cimahi Tahun Ajaran 2015/2016. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu: (1) kemampuan siswa menceritakan tokoh idola sebelum menggunakan media audio-visual rata-ratanya 72,8; (2) kemampuan siswa menceritakan tokoh idola sesudah menggunakan media audio-visual rata-ratanya 81,7; dan (3) terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kemampuan siswa menceritakan tokoh idola sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan media audio-visual, bisa terlihat dari nilai thitung > ttabel yaitu 10,86 > 2,46. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa hipotesis kerja (Ha) diterima dan hipotesis nol (H0) ditolak. Artinya media audio-visual bisa meningkatkan kemampuan menceritakan tokoh idola siswa kelas VII C di SMP Negeri 6 Cimahi Tahun Ajaran 2015/2016

The Optimum Dose of Beta-Glucan for Stimulating Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) to Produce Cytokines: In Vitro Study

Background: Beta-glucan has been frequently used in laboratory trials as an immunomodulator in both in vivo and in vitro studies, but the ef­fective dose for measuring its performance has not been established. Like other immunomodula­tors, researchers must establish the right dose of beta-glucan in their laboratory experiments for the purpose of testing substances as immuno­modulators without achieving false-positive or –negative results. This study aimed to determine the optimum dose of beta-glucan to induce cyto­kine production by peripheral blood mononu­clear cells (PBMCs) in vitro.Subjects and Method: This was a laboratory experimental study. This study measur­ed the production of two cytokines, including in­terferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin 12 (IL-12), from the isolated PBMCs of healthy subjects. The doses of beta-glucan used as immunomodu­lator in­clu­ded 1, 5, 10, 20, and 50 μg/ml. Beta-glucan was add­ed to the PBMC culture medium, and the PBMCs were cultured for 6 days. On the sixth day, the supernatant was harvested and the cytokine production was analyzed using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cytokines were also analyzed using the human IFN-γ ELISA kit and the human IL-12 ELISA kit, and data analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA.Results: IFN-γ levels were found to be increased in the group treated with 5 μg/ml beta-glucan. The highest IFN-γ levels (70.0 pg/ml) were observed in the group treated with 10 μg/ml beta-glucan. The production of IL-12 increased sharply in the group treated with5 μg/ml beta-glucan but decreased in the group treated with 10 μg/ml beta-glucan. The mean cytokine levels of the beta-glucan group were found to be significantly different from those of the control group (p=0.001). One-way ANOVA revealed that the highest IL-12 production (77.2 pg/ml) occurred at a dose of 5 μg/ml beta-glucan. This average value was significantly different from the average production of IL-12 in the control group (p=0.001).Conclusion: The optimum dose of beta-glucan for stimulating PBMCs to produce IFN-γ in vitro was 10 μg/ml, while for the production of IL-12, the dose was 5 μg/ml. Both cytokines can be mea­sured within 6 days of cell culture.Keywords: beta-glucan, immunomodulator, cy­to­kinesCorrespondence: Meira Erawati. Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University. Jl. Prof. Soedarto, S.H, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia. Email: meira­e­rawati­@­gmail.com. Mobile: +62-81915339685Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2020), 5(2): 170-177https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2020.05.02.1