Longitudinal Shunt Slot Excitation by Wiggly Ridge Substrate Integrated Waveguide

Application of a substrate integrated waveguide with wiggly ridge shape is presented for excitation longitudinal shunt slot antenna. Two main design equations for design substrate integrated waveguide structure and get parameters of structures, for longitudinal shunt slot excitation by shape wiggly ridge in substrate integrated waveguide are modified. Proposed method is used by applied the crinkle shape to ridge for ridge substrate integrated waveguide structure. This shape wiggly ridge just under longitudinal slot. The slot is place at centreline of substrate integrated waveguide (siw) in center of waveguide and on dielectric copper surface, top of substrate integrated waveguide. Amount of crinkle depth of waveguide centreline is proportional with needful radiation of slot and normalized conductance could be much to increase crinkle depth. In this paper the shunt element distribution assumption for prposed structure is spoted. Results of simulation show, proposed method is suitable candidate for replacing with usual longitudinal shunt slot. Structure’s useful is, low fabrication price, small profile and adaptation with microstrip circuit. Also slot place along waveguide centerline and wiggle depth substitute slot offset, therefore this procedure can suppress second order bim in array containing suggestion structure

Investigating the quantitative and qualitative changes of municipal waste and management strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic affected various aspects of human life. Municipal waste management systems were affected by Covid-19 like other sectors. The purpose of this study is to investigate and compare urban waste management before and after the Covid-19 pandemic in the form of a systematic review. For this purpose, the keywords were compiled based on the MeSH system and the components of the PICO formula. Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Pubmed, and SID internal databases were searched in both English and Persian languages. The results showed that the Covid-19 pandemic had negative and sometimes positive effects on urban waste production. Also, despite the limitations of the pyrolysis method, this method is an effective technique for waste destruction in the time of Covid-19. Because it can be a suitable disposal method for plastic waste. Finally, to increase recycling, it is suggested that reusable masks and masks with the ability to change the filter are the most appropriate type, and it is recommended that their use be given priority during the time of Covid-19 and similar conditions

IGDT-Based Robust Operation of Thermal and Electricity Energy-Based Microgrid with Distributed Sources, Storages, and Responsive Loads

In this paper, the optimal operation of microgrids (MGs) with thermal blocks, distributed generations (DGs), storage systems, and responsive loads is presented to achieve optimal scheduling of active, reactive, and thermal power of the mentioned elements in the day-ahead (DA) reactive power and energy market environment. The thermal block has a combined heat and power (CHP) system, a boiler, and thermally responsive loads. This scheme minimizes the difference between the total operating costs of the MG and power sources and the total revenue gained from the sale of energy and reactive power of the mentioned elements in the markets located in the MG. It is constrained by the AC power flow equations, network operation constraints, and the operating model of these elements. Furthermore, this scheme is subject to the uncertainties of energy price, load, and renewable power. In this paper, to access the optimal resistant solution against the maximum prediction error associated with the mentioned uncertainties, a robust model based on information gap decision theory (IGDT) is used. Finally, by implementing the proposed scheme on a 119-bus radial MG, the obtained numerical results confirm the ability of the scheme to simultaneously improve the economic and operational situation of the MG. The proposed scheme succeeded in improving energy cost, energy loss, voltage drop, and power factor of the distribution substation by roughly 101%, 44%, 41%, and 16% compared to power flow studies, even in the worst-case scenario caused by uncertainties

The response of health systems to after-hours primary cares in Iran and the selected countries

Background: After-hours primary care often involves care required for medical conditions managed outside hospitals by a general practitioner. After-hours care aims at meeting the urgent needs of patients who cannot wait to visit their general practitioner in office hours. Aim: The present study aims at comparing the after-hours primary cares in Iran, Turkey, the United States, the Netherlands, Australia, and the United Kingdom. Method: This is a descriptive-comparative study comparing after-hours primary cares in Iran and selected countries in 2019. Considering the research purpose, data pertaining to each country were collected from valid information sources and the countries were compared based on the comparative table. A framework analysis was used for data analyses. Results: The results were stated regarding the model type, dominant model, payments mechanism, the support of insurance organizations, service tariffs, private sector participation, and participation of primary care general practitioners in each country. Conclusions: Different countries are using diverse policies to enhance patients' access to general practitioners in out-of-office hours. In Iran, however, due to the lack of specific policies to access after-hour primary cares, people have to use expensive hospital and private cares. An essential step in solving this problem is the availability of general practitioner services at primary care level

Distinct signatures on d‐galactose‐induced aging and preventive/protective potency of two low‐dose vitamin D supplementation regimens on working memory, muscular damage, cardiac and cerebral oxidative stress, and SIRT1 and calstabin2 downregulation

Abstract Chronic administration of d‐galactose (d‐gal) in rodents reproduces the overproduction of reactive oxygen species of physiological aging. The present research shows for the first time distinct signatures on d‐gal‐induced aging (500 mg/kg, 6 weeks) and the preventive and protective potential of two vitamin D (50 IU) supplementation regimens (pre‐induction and simultaneous, respectively) in two vital organs (heart and brain). d‐gal‐induced notorious alterations in working memory, a strong increase in brain malondialdehyde (MDA) oxidative levels, and strong downregulation of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in the heart and hippocampus and of calstabin2 in the heart. Cardiac and brain superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzymatic antioxidant capacities were damaged, brain calstabin2 was downregulated, and neuropathology was observed. Heart damage also included a moderate increase in MDA levels, serologic lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total creatine kinase (CK) activities, and histopathological alterations. The used dose of vitamin D was enough to prevent cognitive impairment, avoid muscular damage, hamper cardiac and cerebral oxidative stress, and SIRT1 and calstabin2 downregulation. Most importantly, the potencies of the two preventive schedules depended on the tissue and level of study. The pre‐induction schedule prevented d‐gal‐induced aging by 1 order of magnitude higher than simultaneous administration in all the variables studied except for SIRT1, whose strong downregulation induced by d‐gal was equally prevented by both schedules. The benefits of vitamin D for oxidative stress were stronger in the brain than in the heart. Brain MDA levels were more sensitive to damage, while SOD and GPx antioxidant enzymatic activities were in the heart. In this order, the magnitude of SOD, MDA, and GPx oxidative stress markers was sensitive to prevention. In summary, the results unveiled distinct aging induction, preventive signatures, and sensitivity of markers depending on different levels of study and tissues, which are relevant from a mechanistic view and in the design of targeted interventions