Distribution of cultured and molecular positivity in uresponsive and responsive pateints.

<p>Distribution of cultured and molecular positivity in uresponsive and responsive pateints.</p

Odds ratios for potential environmental risk factors with anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in southeastern Iran.

<p>Odds ratios for potential environmental risk factors with anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in southeastern Iran.</p

Quantify Quantification of the mean capillary area (MCA) from the captured images.

<p>The MCA quantified from the chick’s extra-embryonic membrane at day 4 of the incubation period. Selected area within the right-lateral vitelline vascular plexus (A). Selection has been was converted to a binarized image (B). Five areas (arrows) without any branch vessels are were selected and the percentage of the areas containing black pixels were was calculated for quantification of the MCA (C). The black pixels of the image indicate the red color, or blood, in the original main image.</p

Odds ratios for potential clinical status risk factors with anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in southeastern Iran.

<p>Odds ratios for potential clinical status risk factors with anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in southeastern Iran.</p

Set of applied primer to amplify candidate loci with optimum PCR conditions.

<p>Set of applied primer to amplify candidate loci with optimum PCR conditions.</p

The chick’s extra-embryonic membrane vasculature at day 4 of the incubation period following meglumine antimoniate treatment.

<p>Embryonated eggs were treated three times at 24, 48 and 72 h of the incubation period. Control embryos with normal extra-embryonic membrane vasculature are seen (A). Embryonated eggs received meglumine antimoniate at the dosage of 150 mg per kg egg-weight (B). Vascular disruption is demonstrated by retarded branching and haemorrhages (blue arrows). A.V.V., anterior vitelline vein; L.V.V., left lateral vitelline vessel; P.V.V., posterior vitelline vein; R.V.V., right lateral vitelline vessel.</p

Relative mRNA expression levels of VEGF-A and VEGF-R2 genes following meglumine antimoniate treatment.

<p>The expression of VEGF-A and VEGF-R2 mRNA in the chick extra-embryonic membranes (n = 4 per experimental group) decreased in the meglumine antimoniate-treated groups as compared to the controls. Meglumine antimoniate administered at dosages of 75 or 150 mg per kg egg-weight (error bars show standard error of mean; *p<0.001, one-way ANOVA).</p

Effect of meglumine antimoniate on early embryonic vasculogenesis and angiogenesis using the fractal dimension (Df) and mean capillary area (MCA) quantification.

<p>Data are presented with comparison between the control (n = 10) and meglumine antimoniate at dosages of 75 (n = 10) or 150 (n = 10) mg per kg egg-weight. The Df was reduced in meglumine antimoniate-treated groups (A). The MCA was reduced in meglumine antimoniate-treated groups (B). Error bars exhibit standard error of mean; *p<0.05, **p<0.001, one-way ANOVA.</p

Gross lesions by meglumine antimoniate in the chick embryo model.

<p>Lesions during the first (A-C), second (D-F) and third (G-I) trimesters of the growing period are presented with comparison between the control (A, D and G) and meglumine antimoniate-treated embryos at dosages of 75 mg (B, E and H) or 150 mg (C, F and I) per kg egg-weight. Embryos with normal C-shape at the craniocaudal body axis; the lower limbs and tail tip grow ventrally in the same direction (arrow) (A and B). Twisting and lordosis in the lumbosacral region of body which made the embryo to be S-shaped at the craniocaudal axis; the lower limbs grow dorsally to the tail tip (arrow) (C). Normal view of the external body surfaces is obtained (D). Local (arrows) (E) and general congestion (F) are noticed on the skin. Normal embryos with no gross disorder are seen (G and H). Moderate general congestion and growth retardation are observed (I).</p

The weight of the chick embryos following meglumine antimoniate treatment.

<p>The weight at days 6, 12 and 18 of the incubation period is presented with comparison between control (n = 30) and meglumine antimoniate-treated embryos at dosages of 75 (n = 30) or 150 (n = 30) mg per kg egg-weight. The embryos that received 150 mg meglumine antimoniate per kg egg-weight were significantly lower than the controls at the above maintained time points. The embryos which received 75 mg per kg egg-weight of meglumine antimoniate, showed a weight loss comparable to the controls only at day 6 of the incubation period (*p<0.01, repeated measurement tests).</p