Determination of Advanced Oxidation Protein Products, E3 SUMO-Protein Ligase NSE2[NSMCE2], as a Marker to Predict Child Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow (spongy tissue in the center of bone). In ALL, too many bone marrow stem cells develop into a type of white blood cell called lymphocytes. These abnormal lymphocytes are not able to fight infection very well. The aim of this study was to investigate possible links between E3 SUMO-Protein Ligase NSE2 [NSMCE2] and increase DNA damage in the childhood patients with Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Laboratory investigations including hemoglobin(Hb) ,white blood cell (WBC) , serum total protein , albumin ,globulin , in addition to serum total antioxidant activity (TAA) , Advanced oxidation protein products(AOPP) and E3 SUMO-Protein Ligase NSE2[NSMCE2]. Blood samples were collected from 60 patients diagnosed to Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) after one month treatment with induction therapy. Age and sex matched 30 healthy persons selected as control.serum total protein , albumin and globulin showed A significant decrease in patients group when compared to control group(

The effect of increased levels of lead in serum on several antioxidants parameters assed among workers from a large private electrical generator company

Lead poisoning occurs when lead builds up in the body, regularly over a period of months or years. Insignificant amounts of lead can cause serious health complications. The main objective of this study is to determine the effect of gases rising from electric generators and the lead-induced oxidative stress and adversarial health properties by biochemical markers in Iraqi workers employed on the operation of diesel generators mainly increased lead poisoning symptoms. Serum lead, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), total antioxidant activity (TAA), malondialdehyde (MDA), and other biochemical parameters were analysed in fifty workers in a large private electrical generator. The results of the study showed a significant elevation in lead, AOPP and MDA activities in Iraqi workers employed on the operation of diesel generators in association to healthy control samples. The results showed that elevated serum lead has a significant correlation with oxidative stress, and biochemical markers that may be help to detect impairment in the body function in lead exposed workers

The endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene G894T, glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1 and GSTT1) polymorphisms as a risk factor in the patient with nephrolithiasis

Background The genetic features indicate a crucial role in nephrolithiasis. The present study was aimed to investigate the role of Glutathione-S-transferase Mu (GSTM1), Glutathione-S- transferase Theta (GSTT1) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOs) gene polymorphism in nephrolithiasis. Methods We involved a case-control study in which 480 individuals were divided into 240 healthy control and 240 patients with nephrolithiasis. For each patient and control, we measured biochemical criteria, levels of glutathione S-transferase, eNOs, GSTM1, GSTT1genes and eNOS genes polymorphism by PCR-RFLP. Results GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes are not a risk features for nephrolithiasis. The eNOS frequency GG, GT, and TT genotypes by using Ban II enzyme as restriction enzyme were found to be (48.33, 36.67, and 15.00) %. The eNOS frequency TT, GT, and GG genotypes by using the Ban II enzyme as restriction enzyme were found to be 15.84, 25.83, and 58.33%, respectively. The result showed an increase in serum eNOs levels were in the patient's group comparing to control. Conclusions This work is the first in the literature to study the relation between eNOs genes polymorphisms and nephrolithiasis. The results conclude that TT genotypes in the eNOs genes are associated with an increase the oxidative stress in patients

Association of MMP-9 gene polymorphisms with nephrolithiasis patients

Background: Nephrolithiasis is one of the causes which lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are endopeptidases degrading extracellular matrix which correlate with the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The current study was designed to analyze the association of (R279Q, C1562T) polymorphism of MMP-9 with nephrolithiasis patients. Methods: Genotyping of MMP-9/R279Q and of MMP-9/C1562T polymorphism were carried out by PCR-based restriction digestion method. Serum level of MMP-9, oxidative stress marker, MDA, and uric acid were measured in patients and control. Results: Allele frequencies of the MMP-9/C1562T polymorphism for C and T allele were 71.25% and 28.75% in patients, 87.08% and 12.92% in control respectively. The homozygote TT was more frequent in the nephrolithiasis patients group, while T allele frequency was significantly higher in the nephrolithiasis patients group than in the control group. The patients with CT and TT genotype showed a significant increase in serum MMP-9, Total Oxidant Status (TOS), Oxidative Stress Index (OSI), Malondialdehyde (MDA), and uric acid when compared to CC genotype in patients with nephrolithiasis. The R279Q polymorphism site with regard to the relationship with nephrolithiasis was not significant. Conclusion: The result indicates that patients with TT genotype had an increased risk of stones. Also, the results demonstrate that TT allele of the C1562T polymorphism in the MMP-9gene is related with an increase of oxidative stress in nephrolithiasis patients and may possibly impose a risk for cardiovascular diseases in patients with TT genotype of MMP-9

Characterization and immobilization of protease and lipase on chitin-starch material as a novel matrix

Protease and lipase were purified from sunflower seeds by frequent purification steps with molecular weights of 72.90 kDa and 27.50 kDa, respectively. The purified lipase and protease were immobilized on various carriers by different methods of immobilization including physical adsorption, ionic binding and covalent binding. The enzymes prepared by covalent binding on a new support materials were made via the combination of chitin and starch had the highest activates. The immobilization was carried out in a simpler way compared with the other immobilization methods which require various chemicals and complicated procedures which is difficult and expensive. The influence of reusability, pH, thermal and storage stability of immobilizing enzymes compared to the free enzyme were studied. The immobilizing protease and lipase with chitin and chitin + starch were used to catalyze reactions through enhanced washing process. After adding immobilizing enzymes with chitin and chitin starch, the stain removal percentage of detergents was enhanced by 78% and 84%, respectively. We approve that these novel immobilizing protease and lipase with chitin + starch present a new approach to the synthesis of multi enzyme biocatalysts from cheap and friendly environmental sources. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Evaluation of different saccharides and chitin as eco-friendly additive to improve the magnetic cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) activities

The cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) involves formation of a number of covalent bonds between enzyme and the matrix using glutaraldehyde. In general, amino groups of lysine, sulthydryl groups of cysteine, phenolic OH groups of tyrosine, or imidazol group of histidine are used for enzyme binding under mild conditions. The main advantage of this method is its simplicity, economic advantages in the industrial bio catalysis. The Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized by coprecipitating Fe2+ and Fe3+ in alkaline solution. Tannic acid was used to functionalize the Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles. After functionalization process, tannic acid magnetic cross-linked enzyme aggregates of enzyme (TA-MNPs-CLEAs) were prepared by cross-linking of enzyme aggregates with different saccharides as additive. The present result reported high stability, simplicity, low cost and recyclability of a saccharide-TA-MNPs-CLEAs-enzyme make it efficient as a highly active biocatalyst in biotechnological applications. The obtained results suggest that disaccharides (maltose, sucrose and lactose) and polysaccharide such as starch are eco-friendly additives to TA-MNPs-lipase and TA-MNPs-CLEAs-peroxidase and can become a powerful biocatalyst in industry applications. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

CD26: A prognostic marker of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children in the post remission induction phase

Background: ALL is an irredeemable disease due to the resistance to treatment. There are several influences which are involved in such resistance to chemotherapy, including oxidative stress as a result of the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and presence of hypodiploid cells. Cluster of differentiation 26 (CD26), also known as dipeptidyl peptidase-4, is a 110 kDa, multifunctional, membrane-bound glycoprotein. Aim and objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of serum CD26 in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia patients in the post remission induction phase, as well as the relationship between CD26 activity and the oxidative stress status. Materials and Methods: CD26, total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI), in addition to activity of related enzymes myeloperoxidase, glutathiones- transferase and xanthine oxidase, were analysed in sixty children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in the post remission induction phase. Results: The study showed significant elevation in CD26, TOS and OSI levels in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in the post remission induction phase in comparison to healthy control samples. In contrast, myeloperoxidase, glutathione-s-transferase and xanthine oxidase activities were decreased significantly. A significant correlation between CD26 concentration and some oxidative stress parameters was evident in ALL patients. Conclusions: Serum levels of CD26 appear to be useful as a new biomarker of oxidative stress in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in the post remission induction phase, and levels of antioxidants must be regularly estimated during the treatment of children with ALL

Lipase-based on starch material as a development matrix with magnetite cross-linked enzyme aggregates and its application

The Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles were prepared by precipitating ferrous ion (Fe2+) and ferric ion (Fe3+) in alkaline solution. The Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles were modified by tannic acid. After functionalization process, two methods were used to immobilize Lipase on Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles. In the first method, novel tannic acid magnetic cross-linked enzyme aggregates of lipase (TA-MNPs-CLEAs) were synthesized by cross-linking of lipase aggregates and starch as co-feeder with Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles improved by tannic acid (TA-MNPs). In the second method, the lipase was successfully immobilized on the surface of TA-MNPs. The properties of Fe3O4 and its modified forms were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and zeta potential measurements. Novel TA-MNPs-lipase and TA-MNPs-CLEAs-starch-lipase were enhanced and provided an effective method to improve the activity and stability of lipase for biodiesel production. Using 1% TA-MNPs-lipase and TA-MNPs-CLEAs-starch (w/w of oil) conversions around 67.87, and 85.88%, respectively, were obtained at 40 degrees C after 2 h of reaction. Furthermore, the immobilized enzyme was easily recovered from the reaction mixture and reused. The obtained results suggest that TA-MNPs-lipase and TA-MNPs-CLEAs-starch-lipase can become a powerful biocatalyst for biodie-sel production. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

The novel multi cross-linked enzyme aggregates of protease, lipase, and catalase production from the sunflower seeds, characterization and application

The cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) have numerous economic advantages in the industrial bio catalysis. In the present study, the multi CLEAs containing protease, catalase, and lipase from the sunflower seeds using starch as a cofeeder as well as bovine serum albumin (BSA) are designed and prepared successfully. After optimization, multi CLEAs of enzyme have been prepared with ammonium sulfate (55% w/v), glutaraldehyde (100 mM), and 8 mg/mL of starch or 20 mg/mL of BSA. The activity recovery of protease, catalase, and lipase multi CLEAs-starch are 87, 61, and 60%, respectively. Whereas, CLEAs prepared with BSA are 74, 61, and 50% activity and multi CLEAs only 60, 44, and 41% of protease, catalase, and lipase, respectively. The multi CLEAs were used to catalyze the reactions for enhanced washing process. After adding multi CLEAs-starch, the stain removal percentage of detergents is enhanced by 83%.The present study reports a high stability, simplicity, low cost, and recyclability of the novel multi CLEAs from the sunflower seeds that make them efficient as a highly active biocatalysts in the biotechnological applications. We believe that these novel multi CLEAs present a new approach to the synthesis of multi enzyme biocatalysts from the cheap and friendly environmental sources

The effect of renal stones on serum adenosine aminohydrolase and AMP-aminohydrolase in Malaysia

Objective: To verify possible associations between adenosine aminohydrolase (ADA) and AMP-aminohydrolase (AMPDA) to E3 SUMO-protein ligase NSE2 (NSMCE2) in patients with renal stones. And to isolate, purify and characterize ADA in patients with renal stones and healthy group. Methods: A total of 60 renal stones patients and 50 control were enrolled in a case–control study. The blood urea, creatinine, uric acid, protein, albumin, ADA and AMPDA were measured by colorimetric tests. The serum NSMCE2 was measured by ELISA. Results: Serum ADA, AMPDA and specific activity of enzymes showed significant decrease (P < 0.05) in patients with renal stones compared to control group, mean levels of sera NSMCE2 and uric acid had a significant increase (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively) in patients compared to control group. Conclusions: The present study suggests that ADA, AMP deaminase and NSMCE2 can be used as a indicator to monitor the DNA damage and inflammation disorders in the patients with kidney stones