Evaluation of the pancreatic malignancy with MRI & MDCT modalities

Background:Detection of pancreatic abnormality by routine noninvasive radiological method namely plain radiography and gastrointestinal barium studies is possible but these tests are insensitive and nonspecific. In earlier era more invasive tests like retroperitoneal air insufflations with tomography used never achieved wide spread clinical application and isotope scan proved disappointing owing to their false positive rates. Material & Methods:The present retrospective study was conducted at department of Department of Radiology at MRI Centre, M.B. Govt. Hospital, Udaipur. The study duration was December 2012 to November 2014. The study group of 100 patients, with suspected pancreatic diseases were examined using either MDCT scan or MRI or both as prime diagnostic modality.Results: In the present study, Pancreatic carcinoma is a hypo vascular mass so it does not enhance at all or show a mild enhancement on post contrast study. In this study out of 14 cases, 14 cases showed mild post contrast enhancement and 2 cases showed no enhancement at all. on CECT examination, out of 10 cases of head mass, 8 cases were hypo dense and 2 were Isodense and showed dilated MPD in 9 cases 90.00% which were most common finding followed by dilated CBD in 8 cases (80.00%) and invasion of other organs in 2 cases (20%). On MRI examination, out of 4 cases of head carcinoma, 3 appeared hyperintense & 1 appeared hypointense and showed dilatation of MPD & CBD in all cases and invasion of organ in one case. Out of 14 cases of head carcinoma, 4 (28.57%) cases showed distal metastasis in liver. Out of 7 cases of body-tail mass, six appeared hypo dense and one appeared on NCCT. Distant metastasis and dilated MPD were found in 4 cases and CBD were dilated in any one case of body mass. Conclusion: We concluded from the present study that Dual-phasic contrast-enhanced MDCT in the pancreatic parenchymal and the venous phase is the method of choice for detection and staging of pancreatic cancer, inflammatory lesions and its vascular complications. For detection of small, hyper vascular neuroendocrine tumors, no single imaging method will reveal all tumors. In this respect, MDCT and MRI are complementary methods

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Not AvailablePraecitrullus fistulosus (Stocks) Pangalo, commonly known as round melon, belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae. It is being cultivated and consumed widely in northern India for its nutritional value. During summer (April to May) 2018, nearly 80% of plants with symptoms resembling virus infection, such as chlorotic and necrotic spots on leaves and necrosis on buds, were observed in experimental plots of the research farm at ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi. Infected plants died before attaining the fruiting stage. Based on the symptoms observed on the infected plants and presence of thrips, infection of orthotospovirus in symptomatic plants of round melon was suspected. Hence, dot immunobinding assay (DIBA) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were performed to confirm identification. Initially, samples subjected to DIBA with antibody raised against groundnut bud necrosis virus (watermelon silver mottle virus [WSMoV] serogroup) obtained from ICRISAT (Hyderabad, India) showed positive reaction in all five symptomatic samples but not in asymptomatic samples. Also, sap extracted in phosphate buffer pH 7.0 amended with 0.1% β-mercaptoethanol of symptomatic sample was mechanically inoculated on cowpea plants, cultivar Co(CP) 7, and produced chlorotic local lesions on the inoculated cotyledonary leaves 4 to 6 days post inoculation. For further investigation, total RNA was extracted using TRIzol reagent (Ambion, U.S.A.) from five symptomatic samples and apparently healthy samples and subjected to RT-PCR using universal orthotospovirus primer pair corresponding to L RNA (Chu et al. 2001). An amplicon of approximately 800 bp yielded only from symptomatic samples was cloned in pTZ57R/T vector (Fermentas, Germany). Three clones were sequenced in both orientations, and the consensus sequence (MH717082) shared an identity of 92% with watermelon bud necrosis virus (WBNV) belonging to WSMoV serogroup isolate reported from India on watermelon (KJ874251). Further, the specific primer pair of WBNV (GK WBNV F/R) encompassing the complete coat protein gene on S RNA amplified 947 bp (Priyanka et al. 2018) from all five symptomatic samples, and the amplicon was sequenced directly. The consensus sequence (MH717083) had 95% identity with the coat protein gene of WBNV isolates reported earlier from India on various crops. These results indicated infection of WBNV in symptomatic round melon samples. WBNV has been reported on several cucurbitaceous and solanaceous crops from India (Kunkalikar et al. 2011). This study suggests P. fistulosus, cultivated in select pockets of northern India, as an additional host for WBNV. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first confirmed report of natural occurrence of WBNV on P. fistulosus in India.Not Availabl