Phenolic and polyphenolic profiles of defatted camelina, chia and sophia seeds and their invitro antioxidant and biological activities

Phenolic compounds in oilseeds occur in the free, esterified and insoluble-bound forms. The phenolics in seeds act as natural antioxidants by preventing deteriorative oxidative processes in foods as well as oxidative stress and various disorders in the human body once consumed. The free, esterified and insoluble-bound phenolics were extracted from defatted camelina (Camelina sativa), chia (Salvia hispanica) and sophia (Descurainia sophia) seeds meals. All samples were evaluated for their total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total proanthocyanidin (PC) content as well as antioxidant activity of their various phenolic fractions. The TPC in camelina, chia and sophia defatted meal was 11.69 ± 0.44, 14.22 ± 0.44 and 22.40 ± 0.87 mg GAE per gram sample, respectively. The corresponding values for TFC were 6.81 ± 0.68, 8.45 ± 0.80 and 8.59 ± 0.13 mg CE per gram defatted meal, respectively. Meanwhile, the PC in camelina, chia and sophia meals was 3.73 ± 0.03, 0.08 ± 0.02 and 2.23 ± 0.06 mg CE per gram sample, respectively. Several in vitro free radical scavenging assays, namely 2, 2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity (HRSC), reducing power (RP), β-carotene/ linoleate model system and metal chelation activity were investigated for all fractions. In addition, inhibition activity against lipase, α-glucosidase, low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and DNA strand scission induced by peroxyl and hydroxyl radicals for all fractions was examined in biological systems. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MSⁿ) led to positive identification of 36 phenolic compounds belonging to simple phenols, phenolic acids and their derivatives, flavonoids and procyanidins in the three phenolic fractions of camelina, chia and sophia. Esterified fraction was the predominant form of phenolics compared to the free and insoluble bound forms of phenolics in both defatted camelina and sophia seeds whereas the free phenolic fraction was the predominant form in defatted chia seed meal. Thus, camelina, chia and sophia seeds may serve as viable functional food ingredients with protective antioxidant potential but further research is required to confirm their cardiovascular diseases (CVD) preventive effects

60-66 of Honey and Sugar Solution on the Shelf Life and Quality of Dried Banana (Musa paradisiaca) Slices

Abstract The main purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of solution on the shelf life and quality of banana slices and development of high quality dehydrated banana products. Ripe banana collected from local market cut into 3, 5 and 7 mm slices. Solution effect was assessed using honey, sugar and mixed (honey plus sugar, 1:1) solution. The osmosis samples were dried in a mechanical drier at 65°C for 24 hour up to moisture content 14.6%. Fresh and dehydrated banana were analyzed for their chemical composition. The effect of pre-treatment (4 min steam blanching plus 20 min sulphyting) and nutrient content also evaluate. Percent solid gain was assumed as indicator of solution of solution effect. Percent solid gain slightly decreased (per unit weight) with increasing thickness of banana slices at constant immersion time (3 hour) and concentration (72% TSS). This gain was higher in honey solution followed by sugar solution. The response of taste panel revealed that banana slices prepared by 4 min steaming plus 20 min sulphyting (0.5% KMS) and subsequently dipping in honey solution gave better colour and flavor. It has been also revealed that pre-treatment by 4 min steaming plus 20 min sulphyting (0.3% KMS) and subsequently dripping in honey was gave better colour and flavour of banana slices. So these pre-treated dehydrated products showed highest degree of acceptability. Studies on the effect of various packaging materials showed that the single layer polythene plus keep in tin can gave the best result for storing the dried banana slices. Among the different storage condition of dried banana slices (75% RH, 80%RH and 90% RH), the 75% RH was found most effective for storing the processed slices. However, in all packaging systems and storage conditions, the slices absorbed moisture over the storage period and lost its quality. To maintain better quality of slices for longer shelflife, the low relative humidity and moisture proof packaging system (polythene plus kept in tin can or laminated aluminum foil) may be required

Feasibility and acceptability of telepathology system among the rural communities of Bangladesh: A pilot study

Context: Telepathology is a promising tool for remote communities to receive pathology services where professional diagnosis services are inadequate. Aims: We aimed to clarify how effective telepathology was when compared with conventional pathology service among rural communities of Bangladesh. Methods and Materials: We conducted a cross-sectional study in suburban and rural areas of Bangladesh between June and August 2020. We enrolled 117 participants who received both telepathology services from Thakurgaon Eye Hospital and conventional pathology service experience. The participant's satisfaction with the accessibility and perceptions were statistically compared. In addition, we summarized descriptive statistics using the frequencies and percentages of participants' responses. Statistical Analysis Used: Wilcoxon's Signed-rank test using SPSS statistic software version 25.00. Results: Among the study participants, service cost, travel cost, travel time, waiting time, and travel distance were significantly higher for conventional pathology than telepathology (P < 0.001). The majority of participants (94%) were satisfied with the telepathology experience; however, one out of 117 participants was dissatisfied with this service when their travel distance was far away (≥50 km). Among the participants, 91.5% thought that telepathology service was effective for their treatment, and 98.3% wanted to continue this service in their community. On an average, participants saved 58% (95% CI, 53.4–61.5) of cost using telepathology rather than conventional pathology service. Conclusions: Remote under-resourced communities received professional pathology services with less time-consuming and significantly lower costs using the telepathology approach. Where pathology services are absent/insufficient, telepathology is efficacious for primary diagnosis, screening, and referral through professional pathologists for the satisfactory treatment of unreached communities