Women Journalists in the Russian Revolutions and Civil Wars: Case Studies of Ariadna Tyrkova-Williams and Larisa Reisner, 1917–1926

PhDThis thesis examines the work and experience of women journalists in the Russian Revolutions and Civil Wars, 1917–1926. Adopting a comparative approach, it focuses on case studies of the Russian writer, journalist and liberal politician Ariadna Vladimirovna Tyrkova-Williams (1869–1962) and the young Bolshevik writer Larisa Mikhailovna Reisner (1895–1926) in order to examine and compare how women from opposing sides of the revolutions and civil wars used the press to shape the outcome of these conflicts. While women in Russia had contributed to the press in a range of roles, including as editors and publishers, since at least the eighteenth century and had long used journalism as a tool for social and political change, the revolutions and civil wars presented new opportunities for women to use journalism as a form of activism and, in some cases, to combine it with military and/or policy-making roles. At a time when the task of describing and participating in war, or indeed journalism in general, was predominantly viewed as a male pursuit in the West, the work of these women was particularly ground-breaking and unique in the context of journalism and women’s history. However, despite their seemingly emancipated position and the vital roles they played during this period, many Russian women working in the press (as well as in other historically male wartime roles) were nevertheless viewed by their contemporaries along traditional gender lines. By examining how and why women became, or continued to be, involved in journalism during the revolutions and civil wars, the opportunities and challenges they experienced, and how they were perceived by their contemporaries, this study provides a fresh perspective on the relationship between gender, activism and journalism during this period of conflict.This research was funded through an Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) Collaborative Doctoral Partnership between Queen Mary University of London and the British Library

Sports-Related Injuries of the Anterior Segment

Sports-related eye injury is a significant cause of morbidity and disability and accounts for a significant proportion of ocular trauma, especially in the young. Although some sports-related ocular injuries can be self-resolving and require little to no intervention, many other injuries have long-term sequelae that require extensive treatment and follow-up. A thorough evaluation of the mechanism of and circumstances surrounding the ocular injury is important to guide further management of the case. Blunt trauma has a significantly different pathophysiologic process compared to trauma by a sharp object, and the evaluation of the injury should be cognizant of the ocular trauma expected. The conjunctiva is most frequently involved in sports-related ocular injuries, and the nature of the conjunctival injury can often indicate involvement of other potential ocular structures. Examples of other anterior segment injuries that can result from sports-related ocular trauma include structural or functional damage to the cornea, iris injury leading to iris prolapse or laceration, ciliary body injury resulting in ciliary body detachment, lens injury resulting in cataract or subluxation/dislocation of the lens, and traumatic glaucoma. In this chapter, we provide a comprehensive review of the pathogenesis, clinical findings, treatment options, and prognosis of sports-related injuries of the anterior segment