Single photon Michelson-Morley experiment via de Broglie-Bohm picture: An interpretation based on the hypothesis of frame dragging

The Michelson-Morley experiment is considered via a single photon interferometer and a hypothesis of the dragging of the permittivity of free space and permeability of free space. The Michelson-Morley experimental results can be interpreted using de Broglie-Bohm picture. In the global positioning system (GPS) experiment, isotropic constancy of the speed of light, c, was confirmed by direct one way measurement. That is, Michelson-Morley experiments without interference are confirmed every day; therefore the hypothesis of frame dragging is a suitable explanation of the Michelson-Morley experimental results.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure

Proposed experiment to test the non-locality hypothesis in transient light-interference phenomena

The transient phenomena of the Mach-Zender interferometer are discussed. To test the non-locality hypothesis, a single mode laser with a large coherence length is used. The behavior of a photon and its wave packets in the paths of the interferometer are discussed. Coherent photons have wave packets that overlap, thus their interference pattern is influenced by the overlap of the wave packets of other photons in transient phenomena. The proposed transient light-interference experiment will provide experimental data testing the non-locality hypothesis.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figure

Proposed experiment on the continuity of quantum entanglement

We propose experiments on quantum entanglement for investigating the Einstein Podolsky Rosen (EPR) problem with the polarization directions of photons. These experiments are performed to investigate whether the defined polarization directions in an entangled state are teleported between entangled photons. EPR-type sequential experiments are performed using a twin-photon beam and two pairs of linear polarization analyzers under the cross-Nicol condition (i.e., orthogonal to each other). If the third filter whose polarization angle is 45 degrees is set between the first cross-Nicol filters, the beam intensity is changed from 0 to 12.5 %, and at the second cross-Nicol filters, the beam intensity is changed from 0 to 25 %. In this experiment, we predict that the "continuity of quantum entanglement" under a pure Hamiltonian evolution is detected.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure

Compatibility of the theory of special relativity with an absolute reference frame with a longitudinal Doppler shift

We show the compatibility of the theory of special relativity with the absolute reference frame with a longitudinal Doppler shift. Using two absolute velocities vA and vS, the relative velocity u is derived. Thereafter the Doppler frequency is derived using the relative velocity u. We also show the method for detecting the absolute reference frame. The representation of the theory of special relativity using the absolute reference frame appears more intuitive than an orthodox interpretation.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figure

Experimental evidence of the ether-dragging hypothesis in GPS data

In the global positioning system (GPS) satellites, the earth-centered, earth-fixed (ECEF) reference frame is used for calculations. In the application of the theory of special relativity to GPS satellites, one must use the ECEF reference frame; another reference frame, for example one based on the solar system, cannot be applied to GPS satellite experiments. Therefore, the ECEF reference frame is a stationary gravitational frame.Comment: 18 pages, 9 figure

Proposal of Signaling by Interference Control of Delayed-Choice Experimental Setup

We propose a new signaling system using the experimental setup of Wheeler's delayed-choice experiment previously carried out. In the delayed-choice experiment, the experimental setup shows a wave property or a particle property at the time when the experimental conditions of the wave-particle duality of photons are chosen. Choice signals can be used as transmitting signals and the wave-particle duality of photons is used as receiving signals. For example, if we choose the wave property of a photon as a transmitting signal, we detect the interference of the wave at the detector that can be used as a receiving signal. Therefore, the experimental setup of the delayed-choice experiment can transmit information through interference.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure

Incompatibility between the principle of the constancy of the speed of light and the Lorentz contraction in the GPS Experiment

Incompatibility between the principle of the constancy of the speed of light and the Lorentz contraction in the global positioning system (GPS) is discussed. The GPS works precisely in the earth-centered locally inertial (ECI) coordinate system on the condition that the speed of light c is assumed to be constant regardless of the inertial motion of the GPS satellites and the earth. The inertial system of the earth travels not only in the solar system at the velocity 30 km/s but also in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at the velocity 700 km/s. The deviation on the car navigation system by the Lorentz contraction of 700 km/s is maximally estimated as 54 m. However, such a large deviation is not observed: that is, the Lorentz contraction is not observed in the gravitational field of the earth. If there is a Lorentz contraction, the GPS cannot work so precisely. The GPS satellites are in the gravitational field of the earth, therefore the system should be interpreted by the theory of general relativity as well as special relativity.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure

Interpretation of the slight periodic displacement in the Michelson-Morley experiments

The slight periodic displacements in the Michelson-Morley interference experiments do not show ether-drift; however, they do show the effects of the theory of general relativity that is, the effects of acceleration and deceleration to the interference condition of the Michelson-Morley interference experiments. Therefore, these slight periodic variations are very significant and important for strengthening the theory of special and general relativity. The slight periodic displacements are discussed from the viewpoint of the theories of general relativity and interference.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Proposed experiment of which-way detection by longitudinal momentum transfer in Young's double slit experiment

The momentum of a photon may reveal the answer to the "which way" problem of Young's double slit experiments. A photon passing through the boundary between two media, in which a photon travels at different velocities, undergoes a momentum change according to the law of conservation of momentum. The momentum of the photon is transferred locally to the medium, and the boundary between the media receives stress, which determines the photon trajectory. An experiment is performed using a crystal plate that can transform the stress to electric charge. We are able to detect the electric charge after the detection of the photon on the screen, and control the sensitivity of photon detection. By means of this proposed experiment it is determined whether or not an attempt to detect the "which way" of photon travel destroys the interference patterns.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Nonlinear stochastic biasing of halos: Analysis of cosmological N-body simulations and perturbation theories

It is crucial to understand and model a behavior of galaxy biasing for future ambitious galaxy redshift surveys. Using 40 large cosmological N-body simulations for a standard LambdaCDM cosmology, we study the cross-correlation coefficient between matter and the halo density field, which is an indicator of the stochasticity of bias, over a wide redshift range 0\le z \le 3. The cross-correlation coefficient is important to extract information on the matter density field, e.g., by combining galaxy clustering and galaxy-galaxy lensing measurements. We compare the simulation results with integrated perturbation theory (iPT) proposed by one of the present authors and standard perturbation theory (SPT) combined with a phenomenological model of local bias. The cross-correlation coefficient derived from the iPT agrees with N-body simulation results down to r~15 (10) h^{-1}Mpc within 0.5 (1.0) % for all redshifts and halo masses we consider. The SPT with local bias does not explain complicated behaviors on quasilinear scales at low redshifts, while roughly reproduces the general behavior of the cross-correlation coefficient on fully nonlinear scales. The iPT is powerful to predict the cross-correlation coefficient down to quasilinear regimes with a high precision.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures. Maches version published by the Physical Review