The effect of amniotic membrane on growth, proliferation, and survival of the myeloma cells and examination of genes related to proliferation (BCL2), implantation (CXCR4), and cell cycle stop (P21 and P27)

BACKGROUND: The myeloma cell is not able to grow and proliferate out of bone marrow (BM) media, and in laboratory conditions its survival is low. We considered to use an environment that has the same conditions as body physiological conditions. In this study, the effect of the amniotic membrane (AM) on the growth and proliferation of myeloma cells were evaluated.METHODS: This study was performed on plasma cells derived from BM aspiration (primary cells) in 3 patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Plasma cells of these patients were isolated by magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) technique and cultured in different environments of AM for two consecutive weeks, and then were examined by qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique for expression of genes related to proliferation [B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2)], implantation [chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4)], and cell cycle stop (P21, P27).RESULTS: Isolated plasma cells were cultured in 3 different groups for 2 weeks. The most cell proliferation was observed in the medium containing Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) medium from amniotic cultures and plasma cells [an environment without fetal bovine serum (FBS)]. All genes were expressed on day zero (on the day of isolation). On the day 4, proliferation genes (BCL2) and implantation genes (CXCR4) had an expression in the control group without FBS medium, but P21 and P27 genes had no expression.CONCLUSION: The best environment for the growth and maintenance of plasma cells in vitro is the use of RPMI from the AM (without FBS) in which plasma cells can be kept alive for 10 days

The effect of amniotic membrane on growth, proliferation, and survival of the myeloma cells and examination of genes related to proliferation (BCL2), implantation (CXCR4), and cell cycle stop (P21 and P27)

BACKGROUND: The myeloma cell is not able to grow and proliferate out of bone marrow (BM) media, and in laboratory conditions its survival is low. We considered to use an environment that has the same conditions as body physiological conditions. In this study, the effect of the amniotic membrane (AM) on the growth and proliferation of myeloma cells were evaluated. METHODS: This study was performed on plasma cells derived from BM aspiration (primary cells) in 3 patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Plasma cells of these patients were isolated by magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) technique and cultured in different environments of AM for two consecutive weeks, and then were examined by qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique for expression of genes related to proliferation [B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2)], implantation [chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4)], and cell cycle stop (P21, P27). RESULTS: Isolated plasma cells were cultured in 3 different groups for 2 weeks. The most cell proliferation was observed in the medium containing Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) medium from amniotic cultures and plasma cells [an environment without fetal bovine serum (FBS)]. All genes were expressed on day zero (on the day of isolation). On the day 4, proliferation genes (BCL2) and implantation genes (CXCR4) had an expression in the control group without FBS medium, but P21 and P27 genes had no expression. CONCLUSION: The best environment for the growth and maintenance of plasma cells in vitro is the use of RPMI from the AM (without FBS) in which plasma cells can be kept alive for 10 days

A review in vestibular evoked myogenic potential: with an emphasis on Cervical response

Introduction: Emersion of cervical and subsequently ocular vemp tests open a new arena in vestibular system assessment for audiologists and auditory-vestibular researchers. According to spatial neural pathways evaluated during the potential recording, the test could be assume as a complemantary test for balance system assessment.Aim of present study was to provide a review of last information about different methods used for recording and evaluating the response changes in different vestibular disorders. Materials and Methods: Search were done among  recent 10 years articles with vestibular evoked myogenic potential Keyword from electronic databases of Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct , Ebsco and refrence books related to the topic. Results:58 articleswere used for extension and description of  main implications and used methods for doing vemp test. Conclusion:With doing the vestibular evoked myogenic potential test correctly and eliminating conflicting factors and with reliance on valid study results in this field the test could be used as an important diagnostic test in evaluating  and monitoring of treatment process in different vestibular diseases. Keywords: vestibular evoked myogenic potential,vestibular system,vestibular diseases,saccul

The Effects of a Home Personal Computer-based Auditory Training Program on the Binaural Listening Skills of Children With Specific Learning Disability: A Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial

Background and Objectives: A high prevalence of central auditory processing disorders has been reported in children with learning disabilities. One of the crucial auditory processing disorders in these children is a binaural processing problem. Binaural hearing leads to improved auditory performance in noisy situations. This research aims to develop an auditory training program based on binaural interaction at the brainstem level and to investigate its effect on the binaural listening skills of children with a specific learning disability. Methods: After developing the rehabilitation program and determining its validity, this intervention study is conducted in three stages. The first stage includes baseline assessments, the second stage includes the implementation of rehabilitation intervention and the third stage consists of the re-implementation of the tests of the first stage once immediately after intervention and then once after 45 days of training. Masking level differences (MLD), Persian auditory recognition of words in noise (PARWIN), and binaural speech-auditory brainstem response (Speech-ABR) tests are the primary outcome measures. Persian randomized dichotic digits test (PRDDT), Persian pediatric competing word test (PPCWT), Persian pediatric competing sentences test (PPCST), and Persian version of the auditory processing disorder questionnaire (APDQ-P) were included as secondary outcome measures. The sample size in each intervention and control group was 15 people and the duration of training was 3 months. Conclusion: Considering the importance of brainstem function in binaural hearing, it is recommended to investigate the effectiveness of the developed binaural interaction training program in improving hearing in background noise in children with specific learning disabilities

Interaural Difference Values of Vestibular Evoked Myogenic

Migraine is a neurologic disease, which often is associated with a unilateral headache. Vestibular abnormalities are common in migraine. Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) assess otolith function in particular functional integrity of the saccule and the inferior vestibular nerve. We used VEMP to evaluate if the migraine headache can affect VEMP asymmetry parameters. A total of 25 patients with migraine (22 females and 3 males) who were diagnosed according to the criteria of IHS-1988 were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Control group consisted of 26 healthy participants (18 female and 8 male), without neurotological symptoms and history of migraine. The short tone burst (95 dB nHL, 500 Hz) was presented to ears. VEMP was recorded with surface electromyography over the contracted ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle. Although current results showed that the amplitude ratio is greater in migraine patients than normal group, there was no statistical difference between two groups in mean asymmetry parameters of VEMP. Asymmetry measurements in vestibular evoked myogenic potentials probably are not indicators of unilateral deficient in saccular pathways of migraine patients

Effect of Prophylactic Drugs on Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential in Migraine Patients

Background and Aim: In many migraine patients prophylactic drugs are effective in reducing attacks and symptoms such as vestibular complaints. Therefore, related neural pathways are probably alsoaffected. This study aimed to compare vestibular evoked myogenic potential in migraine patients under treatment with prophylactic drugs and those without any treatment.Methods: Subjects included 46 patients with migraine. They were evaluated in two groups; those under treatment with prophylactic drugs (21 subjects) and those without treatment (25 subjects). Theage range of patients was 20-60 years. The vestibular evoked myogenic potential were recorded with 500 Hz tone bursts at 95 dB nHL.Results: Mean of amplitude ratio (p=0.02), and interpeak latency values in the right ear (p=0.03) and left ear (p=0.001) were higher in patients with prophylactic therapy than the group without therapy;this difference was statistically significant. There was no statistical difference between the two groups in terms of mean of latency of p13 and n23 peaks, and absolute amplitude (p>0.05).Conclusion: Prophylactic drugs probably improve mean of main response parameters of vestibular evoked myogenic potential in migraine patients with prophylactic therapy