39 research outputs found
Kraniometrija dobrog dupina (Tursiops truncatus) iz Jadranskoga mora.
The bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) is a cetacean distributed worldwide with an external morphology that varies between different populations. An endangered population of bottlenose dolphins inhabits the Adriatic Sea and is legally protected. The skulls of 95 adult bottlenose dolphins (47 females and 43 males, 5 of unknown sex) were morphometrically analyzed. They originated from bottlenose dolphins stranded dead from 1990 to 2011 in the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea. For each animal a total of up to 53 skull measurements and meristic characters were taken using slide calipers to the nearest 0.01 cm. Sexual dimorphism within the Adriatic population was analyzed while the average morphometric values of Adriatic specimens were compared with published values for the genus Tursiops from different geographical areas. Male Adriatic bottlenose dolphins were significantly larger in terms of 19 craniometric characteristics compared to females. The male skull is wider along the rostrum, at the level of the braincase and at the orbital region. Their braincase is higher and longer and their teeth are higher. Comparison of morphometrical values between Adriatic bottlenose dolphins and populations from other seas confirms geographical polymorphism within the species T. truncatus. Our study showed that the skull size follows Bergmannās rule, with larger skulls found in colder waters, while smaller skulls are found in populations from temperate and tropical seas. Our results represent referent craniometrical values for the Adriatic bottlenose dolphin and should be used when implementing morphometry in population conservation.Dobri dupin (Tursiops truncatus) pripadnik je reda kitova (Cetacea) koji nastanjuje gotovo sva mora svijeta i Äija se morfologija znaÄajno razlikuje izmeÄu populacija. Jedna ugrožena i zakonom zaÅ”tiÄena populacija dobrog dupina nastanjuje i Jadransko more. U ovom radu morfometrijski je obraÄeno 95 lubanja odraslih dobrih dupina (47 ženki i 43 mužjaka, 5 nepoznatog spola) podrijetlom od dobrih dupina uginulih od 1990. do 2011. u hrvatskom dijelu Jadranskoga mora. Na svakoj lubanji izmjerene su 53 mjere pomoÄu pomiÄne mjerke s preciznoÅ”Äu od 0,01 cm. Spolni dimorfizam analiziran je pomoÄu t-testa. Ujedno, morfometrijske vrijednosti jadranskih jedinki usporeÄene su s objavljenim vrijednostima za rod Tursiops iz drugih zemljopisnih podruÄja takoÄer koristeÄi t-test. Mužjaci dobrih dupina iz Jadranskog mora znaÄajno su veÄi u 19 kraniometrijskih izmjera od ženki. Lubanja mužjaka Å”ira je duž rostralnog dijela, u podruÄju lubanjske Å”upljine i u orbitalnom podruÄju. Lubanjska Å”upljina mužjaka je viÅ”a i duža, a i zubi su im viÅ”i. Usporedbom morfometrijskih vrijednosti jadranskih dobrih dupina s populacijama iz drugih mora potvrdili smo da postoji zemljopisni polimorfizam unutar vrste T. truncatus. NaÅ”e istraživanje pokazalo je da veliÄina lubanje slijedi Bergmannovo pravilo i da veÄe lubanje dolaze u dobrih dupina koji nastanjuju hladna mora, dok manje lubanje imaju jedinke iz toplih i tropskih mora. NaÅ”i rezultati predstavljaju referentne kraniometrijske vrijednosti za jadranskog dobrog dupina potrebne tijekom primjene morfometrije u zaÅ”titi ove životinjske vrste
Koncentracije kadmija i olova u tkivima dobrog (Tursiops truncatus) i plavobijelog dupina (Stenella coeruleoalba) nasukanih na hrvatskoj obali Jadranskoga mora.
Concentrations of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry in the livers, kidneys and muscles of 15 bottlenose (Tursiops truncatus) and two striped (Stenella coeruleoalba) dolphins, stranded dead along the Croatian Adriatic coast from 1990 to 1999. Cd concentrations (Ī¼g/g wet weight (w.w.)) ranged from 0.004 to 0.670 in muscle, from 0.004 to 1.842 in kidney and from 0.004 to 2.548 in liver tissues. Similarly, total Pb concentrations (Ī¼g/g w.w.) ranged from 0.01 to 0.46 in muscles, from 0.01 to 0.95 in kidneys and from 0.01 to 2.38 in livers. Cd and Pb concentrations revealed no significant differences between adults (n = 10; >6 years) and juveniles (n = 7; liver>muscle, which is a typical Cd distribution pattern. Significant positive correlations of Cd concentrations were found between livers and kidneys (r = 0.63, P = 0.015), and livers and muscles (r = 0.74, P = 0.0008). Furthermore, a significant positive correlation of Pb concentrations was determined between kidneys and muscles (r = 0.75, P = 0.001), opposite to the significant negative correlation between liver and muscle Pb concentrations (r = -0.66, P = 0.004). Our study reports the Cd and Pb concentrations in tissues of the most abundant delphinid species in the Adriatic Sea, sampled over a 10-year period. These data are required for future studies on toxic metal accumulations and their dynamics in Adriatic dolphins and in the Adriatic environment.Koncentracije kadmija (Cd) i olova (Pb) odreÄene su u uzorcima jetrenog, miÅ”iÄnog i bubrežnog tkiva 15 dobrih (Tursiops truncatus) i 2 plavobijela (Stenella coeruleoalba) dupina uginulih od 1990. do 1999. godine uzduž hrvatskog dijela Jadranskoga mora. Koncentracija kadmija kretala se od 0,004 do 0,670 Ī¼g/g u miÅ”iÄu, 0,004 do 1,842 Ī¼g/g u bubregu i od 0,004 do 2,548 Ī¼g/g u jetri (vlažna težina). Koncentracije olova kretale su se od 0,01 do 0,46 Ī¼g/g u miÅ”iÄu, od 0,01 do 0,95 Ī¼g/g u bubregu i od 0,01 do 2,38 Ī¼g/g u jetri. Razlika u koncentracijama Cd i Pb u tkivima mladih (n = 7; 6 godina) životinja nije bila statistiÄki znaÄajna. Srednje vrijednosti Cd kretale su se prema uobiÄajenoj distribuciji od najviÅ”e u bubrezima prema najnižoj u miÅ”iÄima (bubrezi>jetra>miÅ”iÄi). StatistiÄki znaÄajnu pozitivnu korelaciju pokazuju koncentracija Cd u jetri i bubrezima (r = 0,63, P = 0,015) i koncentracija u jetri i miÅ”iÄu (r = 0,74, P = 0,0008). Jednako tako statistiÄki znaÄajnu pozitivnu korelaciju pokazuju koncentracija Pb u bubrezima i u miÅ”iÄu (r = 0,75, P = 0,001), dok je izmeÄu jetre i miÅ”iÄa korelacija negativna (r = -0,66, P = 0,004). Ovim istraživanjem koje obuhvaÄa raspon od 10 godina odreÄene su koncentracije Cd i Pb u tkivima najuÄestalijih vrsta dupina Jadranskoga mora. UtvrÄene razine teÅ”kih metala osnova su za buduÄa istraživanja njihove koncentracije i dinamike u jadranskim dupinima, ali i cjelokupnom jadranskom okoliÅ”u
Postnatal Ossification of Cranial Bones in the Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) from the Adriatic Sea
Jadransko more nastanjuje populacija dobrih dupina (Tursiops truncatus) koja se smatra ugroženom i zakonom je zaÅ”tiÄena. U istraživanju divljih, a posebno zaÅ”tiÄenih životinja, važnu ulogu ima morfologija lubanje jer upuÄuje na bioloÅ”ke znaÄajke kao Å”to su vrsta, populacija, spol i dob. Zbog prilagodbe životu u vodi kitovi su tijekom evolucije proÅ”li brojne morfoloÅ”ke promjene. U podruÄju lubanje to su asimetriÄnost i teleskopski rast koji predstavlja produljenje rostralnih kostiju i dorzorostralno pomicanje kaudalnih kostiju lubanje. Kako bi se stekao uvid u naÄin rasta takve lubanje, pregledani su stupnjevi okoÅ”tavanja spojeva 25 lubanja dobrog dupina (Tursiops truncatus) iz Jadranskoga mora. Lubanje su pohranjene u Zavodu za anatomiju, histologiju i embriologiju Veterinarskog fakulteta SveuÄiliÅ”ta u Zagrebu. UoÄeno je da je dio spojeva u podruÄju neurokranija okoÅ”tao veÄ prilikom roÄenja dobrog dupina, a najveÄi dio spojeva poÄinje okoÅ”tavati nakon roÄenja. Najbrže okoÅ”tavaju spojevi baze lubanje Äime ventralni dio lubanje sraste brže od dorzalnog dijela. U ženki spojevi glave brže okoÅ”taju Å”to upuÄuje na to da ženke dobrog dupina zavrÅ”e fiziÄki rast u ranijoj dobi nego mužjaci.The Adriatic Sea is inhabited by a bottlenose dolphin population (Tursiops truncatus), which is considered endangered and legally protected. Skull morphology plays a vital role in research into wild and protected animals because it deals with biological characteristics such as species, population, sex, and age. As a result of adaptation to life in water, whales have undergone numerous morphological changes during evolution. In the area of their skull, there is asymmetry and telescopic growth, which includes the elongation of the rostral bones and dorsorostral movement of the cranial bones. To gain insight into the growth of such skulls, we examined the ossification stages of joints in 25 skulls of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the Adriatic Sea, kept in the collection of the Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb. It was noted that some of the joints in the neurocranial area had been ossified since the birth of the bottlenose dolphin, and most of the remaining joints had begun to ossify after birth. Joints on the base of the skull have the fastest rate of ossification, which means that the closure of the ventral braincase takes place before the closure of the dorsal braincase. Joints in female specimens seem to ossify faster, suggesting that female dolphins end their physical growth earlier than males
Digital anatomical canine anatomical skull model
Digitalni trodimenzionalni (3D) model lubanje psa novo je nastavno pomagalo za svladavanje jednog dijela gradiva iz anatomije domaÄih životinja. Dostupni udžbenici imaju samo dvodimenzionalni prikaz kostiju glave pomoÄu fotografija i ilustracija te Äesto prikazuju samo jedan dio lubanje. Nadalje, opisi slika i ilustracija katkad su nedovoljno detaljni. TrenutaÄno dostupni digitalni anatomski modeli lubanja psa imaju brojne nedostatke. Jedni su bez anatomskih oznaka, drugi nisu dovoljno precizni. Složenije dostupne modele treba platiti prije koriÅ”tenja ili pak zahtijevaju odreÄene operacijske sustave na osobnom raÄunalu i mobitelu. NaÅ” digitalni anatomski 3D model lubanje psa izraÄen je na temelju snimki izraÄenih CT ureÄajem. Prvotni model ureÄen je u raÄunalnom programu Blender. Za izradu koÅ”tane teksture modela koriÅ”ten je raÄunalni program SD Som Pro, a za oznaÄivanje anatomskih dijelova Final mesh. Anatomski dijelovi opisani su prema službenom popisu anatomskih pojmova navedenih u Nomina anatomica veterinaria. Kako bi model ispunio svoju svrhu, postavljen je na mrežne stranice Veterinarskoga fakulteta SveuÄiliÅ”ta u Zagrebu (http://wwwi.vef.hr/3datlas/pas), besplatan je i lako dostupan studentima i ostaloj zainteresiranoj javnosti.A digital 3D model of a canine skull was designed to serve as an additional aid, alongside books and other resources and learning material. The available textbooks only provide a 2D view, using photos and illustrations and they often do not display the entire bone and have flawed descriptions. The digital anatomical models currently available are insufficient because they are incompletely marked or some anatomical parts are not visible at all. Furthermore, some of the available digital 3D models are not free of charge and must be paid before usage, or they require a specific operating system on computers and mobile phones. The digital anatomical 3D dog skull model is made of recordings from a CT device. The original model was edited in the computer program Blender. SD Som Pro was used to create bone texture and the anatomical parts were labelled in Final Mesh. The anatomical parts were described according to the official list of anatomical terms listed in Nomina anatomica veterinaria. To fulfill its purpose, the model has been uploaded onto the website of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Zagreb (http://wwwi.vef.hr/3datlas/pas) and is available to students and the interested public
Referentne hematoloŔke i biohemijske vrednosti seruma kod posavskog i hrvatskog hladnokrvnog konja
In this study the hematological and biochemical parameters in the blood of indigenous Croatian working horse breeds were investigated. The Posavina and Croatian Coldblood horses are adapted to harsh environmental conditions and their blood parameters might differ from other horse breeds. The study was carried out on 100 mares and 12 stallions of ages from 2 to 19 years. Fifteen hematological and 19 biochemical parameters were analysed. Values of 22 parameters showed considerable overlapping with values obtained for other horse breeds, and substantial resemblance is evident with values reported for Pakistani working horses. Several reference values showed statistically significant effect of sex (Hb, ALB, CREA, TBIL and Ca where significantly higher in stallions; EOS, CK, ALP, UREA and Mg were significantly higher in mares). None of the parameters studied showed any differences associated with age. The adaptation of Posavina and Croatian Coldblood horses to the harsh environment of flooded pastures and the way of breeding might be reflected in their specific reference values. The obtained results enabled the establishment of hematological and biochemical reference values in the blood of Posavina and Croatian Coldblood horses that will in turn support clinical diagnosis and further research into horse physiology.U studiji je obavljeno ispitivanje hematoloÅ”kih i biohemijskih parametara krvi kod radnih hrvatskih autohtonih rasa konja. Posavski i hrvatski hladnokrvnjak su dve rase konja koje su adaptirane na oÅ”tre uslove spoljaÅ”nje sredine pa se pretpostavlja da njihovi parametri krvi mogu da budu razliÄiti u poreÄenju sa drugim rasama. Ispitivanje je obavljeno na 100 kobila i 12 pastuva starosti od 2 do 19 godina. Obavljena je analiza u odnosu na pedeset hematoloÅ”kih i 19 biohemijskih parametara. Vrednosti koje su dobijene u odnosu na 22 parametra pokazale su znaÄajna preklapanja u poreÄenju sa drugim rasama konja, pri Äemu je ustanovljena znaÄajna podudarnost sa vrednostima koje su karakteristiÄne za pakistanskog radnog konja. Nekoliko referentnih vrednosti je pokazalo statistiÄki znaÄajnan utacaj pola (Hb, ALB, CREA, TBIL i Ca vrednosti su bile znaÄajno veÄe kod pastuva; EOS, CK, ALP, UREA i Mg vrednosti su bile znaÄajno veÄe kod kobila). Nijedan parametar koji je ispitivan nije pokazao bilo kakvu varijaciju u odnosu na starost životinja. PrilagoÄenost posavskog i hrvatskog hladnokrvnog konja na oÅ”tre i teÅ”ke uslove spoljaÅ”nje sredine koji podrazumevaju ispaÅ”u na poplavljenim paÅ”njacima, kao i naÄin uzgoja, može da ima posledice na specifiÄne referentne vrednosti ispitivanih parametara. Dobijeni podaci omoguÄavaju defi nisanje hematoloÅ”kih i biohemijskih referentnih vrednosti krvi posavske i hrvatske rase hladnokrvnih konja, a te vrednosti bi omoguÄavale kliniÄku dijagnostiku i buduÄa ispitivanja fi ziologije konja