Marketing and sustainability

'Marketing and sustainability' is based on an original booklet written by Martin Charter in 1990. The text has been updated and re-written to take account of the changing and emerging debate of marketing’s role in relation to sustainable development. This booklet has been produced as a supporting publication for the Sustainable Marketing Knowledge Network (Smart: Know-Net) a web-based information and communication platform for marketers interested in sustainability, available at www.cfsd.org.uk/smart-know-ne

Early Integrators and the Passive Majority: An evaluation study of a large web-based bibliographic reference database

An evaluation is reported of user responses to zetoc, a service that provides access to the British Library electronic table of contents database and an email alerting service. Two questionnaire surveys and an interview programme gave data on over 800 users. The results show that about 17% are active users who are achieving a personal information management routine by integrating zetoc with other services (the early integrators). The other 83%, the `passive majority', make limited use of zetoc and do not achieve integration with other services. The interviews reveal that some of this group have a stable but restricted usage routine that limits information overload. The usage by others is less controlled and they make little use of the information they receive. The paper examines the impact of enhancements to the zetoc service to support integration and it discusses the barriers that prevent many users exploiting the potential of services available to them

Finding topological subgraphs is fixed-parameter tractable

We show that for every fixed undirected graph $H$, there is a $O(|V(G)|^3)$ time algorithm that tests, given a graph $G$, if $G$ contains $H$ as a topological subgraph (that is, a subdivision of $H$ is subgraph of $G$). This shows that topological subgraph testing is fixed-parameter tractable, resolving a longstanding open question of Downey and Fellows from 1992. As a corollary, for every $H$ we obtain an $O(|V(G)|^3)$ time algorithm that tests if there is an immersion of $H$ into a given graph $G$. This answers another open question raised by Downey and Fellows in 1992

Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy (EFT) and Infidelity

According to Whisman, Dixon and Johnason (1997) affairs/infidelity are the second most damaging problem that couples face and the third most difficult problem to treat. Glass & Wright (1988) argues that 30% of couples seek couple therapy because of infidelity during the course of treatment. Zola (2007) mentions that historically infidelity has been described as extramarital or extra-couple sexual relation that has been perceived as betrayal by a partner. In this paper I use infidelity in the sense that one of the couple has sexually or emotionally violated couple boundaries and bonds. Infidelity is an attachment injury that might lead to trauma in couples secure adult attachment. EFT interventions are helpful because they may repair attachment injuries and help the couple to deal with negative emotional cycles that created infidelity. It also empowers couple’s positive interaction cycles

The Dark Sky Where Orion Sleeps: On a High Trail, Alone with the Night

The late September sky guides a writer up to the tundra below a high peak in Colorado, and it tells him when it’s time to retreat

Non-relativistic perpendicular shocks modeling young supernova remnants: nonstationary dynamics and particle acceleration at forward and reverse shocks

For parameters that are applicable to the conditions at young supernova remnants, we present results of 2D3V particle-in-cell simulations of a non-relativistic plasma shock with a large-scale perpendicular magnetic field inclined at 45-deg angle to the simulation plane to approximate 3D physics. We developed an improved clean setup that uses the collision of two plasma slabs with different density and velocity, leading to the development of two distinctive shocks and a contact discontinuity. The shock formation is mediated by Weibel-type filamentation instabilities that generate magnetic turbulence. Cyclic reformation is observed in both shocks with similar period, for which we note global variations on account of shock rippling and local variations arising from turbulent current filaments. The shock rippling occurs on spatial and temporal scales given by gyro-motions of shock-reflected ions. The drift motion of electrons and ions is not a gradient drift, but commensurates with E x B drift. We observe a stable suprathermal tail in the ion spectra, but no electron acceleration because the amplitude of Buneman modes in the shock foot is insufficient for trapping relativistic electrons. We see no evidence of turbulent reconnection. A comparison with other 2D simulation results suggests that the plasma beta and the ion-to-electron mass ratio are not decisive for efficient electron acceleration, but pre-acceleration efficacy might be reduced with respect to the 2D results once three-dimensional effects are fully accounted for. Other microphysical factors may also be at play to limit the amplitude of Buneman waves or prevent return of electrons to the foot region.Comment: Astrophysical Journal, in press, some figures with low resolutio