Ultrastruttura dei tessuti dentari affetti da carie iniziale in un campione di bambini in età scolare

Aim of the work. The purpose of this work is twofold: to describe the epidemiological investigation on food habits and oral hygiene of a sample of children and to show images of ultrastructural hard dental tissue modifications during the acid demineralization process and the carious one. The study aim at evaluating the correlation between an incorrect diet and an inadequate dental hygiene, and the consequent clinical and therapeutical implications. Materials and methods. The epidemiological study, carried out on a sample of children, was supported by the use of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to better observe the effects that an incorrect diet has on hard dental tissues. Results. The microscopic scansion observation of hard dental tissues is objectively the best way to detect even the slightest and sub-clinical morphological alterations. Conclusions. The alterations of hard dental tissues found were the result of acid dissolution due to the activity of the demineralization of food containing a high cariogenic power and to the incorrect oral hygiene habits, which were very common in the sample of children studied

A comparison between radiographic and sonographic assessment of hand and wrist bones for the estimation of skeletal age in the child patient.,

Abstract AIM: The purpose of this study was to examine, with a sonographic investigation, the hand and wrist bones of a group of young patients and to compare the results with those obtained with a classical radiographic assessment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Some 25 subjects, 9-18 years of age, who presented problems concerning their short stature or precocious puberty, were evaluated. Each subject was examined by a standard radiographic assessment and by a sonographic investigation with real-time imaging. Sonographic examination was performed on the metacarpus-phalanx articulation of the first finger in order to locate the sesamoid bone. Sonographic examination was also performed on the second and third phalanxes of the third finger and on the distal portion of the radius to evaluate the characteristics of growth cartilage in the area. RESULTS AND STATISTICS: In all the cases where a sesamoid bone was present, this was correctly identified by the sonogram, even up to the initial appearance of its ossification nucleus. Sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy were all 100%. The capping phenomenon seen in radiographs was not detected by sonographic investigation in any of the cases. Sonographic evaluation of the fertile cartilage of the third finger distal phalanx demonstrated a sensitivity of 89%, a specificity of 100% and a diagnostic accuracy of 92%. Sonographic evaluation of the radius cartilage showed a sensitivity of 95%, a specificity of 100% and a diagnostic accuracy of 96%. CONCLUSION: Sonographic evaluation of hand and wrist bones cannot accurately reproduce the results of the classical radiographic evaluation. However, the sonographic investigation may be useful, when integrated in a radiographic investigation