Gender Bias of Ohio Physicians in the Evaluation of the Personal Statements of Residency Applicants

Sexism has been documented at every level of medical training as well as in the community of practicingphysicians. Although there is speculation in the literature about sexist attitudes and perceived sexualdiscrimination influencing a medical student\u27s choice of specialty, there are few data on gender bias in theevaluation of residency candidates applying in different specialties. In 1989, the authors created six personalstatements of interest in a residency, each from a different type of fictitious residency candidate (three men, threewomen, at three levels of medical school achievement) and mailed one or another of the statements, chosen atrandom, to the 2,478 board-certified Ohio physicians practicing in six specialties in which U.S. women inresidencies were underrepresented (less than 12%) compared with the percentage of women in medical schools, and to the 3,586 board-certified Ohio physicians in another six specialties in which women in residencies wereoverrepresented (more than 38%). The physicians consistently rated the women candidates more favorably thanthey did the men candidates

Gender Bias of Ohio Physicians in the Evaluation of the Personal Statements of Residency Applicants

Sexism has been documented at every level of medical training as well as in the community of practicingphysicians. Although there is speculation in the literature about sexist attitudes and perceived sexualdiscrimination influencing a medical student\u27s choice of specialty, there are few data on gender bias in theevaluation of residency candidates applying in different specialties. In 1989, the authors created six personalstatements of interest in a residency, each from a different type of fictitious residency candidate (three men, threewomen, at three levels of medical school achievement) and mailed one or another of the statements, chosen atrandom, to the 2,478 board-certified Ohio physicians practicing in six specialties in which U.S. women inresidencies were underrepresented (less than 12%) compared with the percentage of women in medical schools, and to the 3,586 board-certified Ohio physicians in another six specialties in which women in residencies wereoverrepresented (more than 38%). The physicians consistently rated the women candidates more favorably thanthey did the men candidates

Drug Allergies Among Patients with Borderline Personality Symptomatology

We have noted that some patients with borderline personality symptomatology report an unexpectedly high number of allergies or adverse reactions to medications. A literature search (Medline, Pub Med) resulted in no articles in this area. We undertook a pilot study to examine empirically a possible relationship between borderline personality symptomatology and self-reported drug allergies

Drug Allergies Among Patients with Borderline Personality Symptomatology

We have noted that some patients with borderline personality symptomatology report an unexpectedly high number of allergies or adverse reactions to medications. A literature search (Medline, Pub Med) resulted in no articles in this area. We undertook a pilot study to examine empirically a possible relationship between borderline personality symptomatology and self-reported drug allergies

Drug Allergies Among Patients with Borderline Personality Symptomatology

We have noted that some patients with borderline personality symptomatology report an unexpectedly high number of allergies or adverse reactions to medications. A literature search (Medline, Pub Med) resulted in no articles in this area. We undertook a pilot study to examine empirically a possible relationship between borderline personality symptomatology and self-reported drug allergies

Biomechanical Comparison of Hybrid Versus Non Locking Screw Fixation for Midshaft Clavicle Fractures

Objectives: Recent studies report nonunion rates of up to fifteen percent for nonoperative treatment of displaced, comminuted, or shortened midshaft clavicle fractures. Additionally, authors suggest operative treatment of these comminuted displaced midshaft clavicle fractures leads to a more satisfactory clinical outcome. Biomechanically, clavicle fracture plate fixation has been analyzed for locking versus non-locking screw use, but little evidence on hybrid screw use exists. We hypothesized that fixation of a comminuted midshaft clavicle fracture model with a pre-contoured hybrid screw-plate construct would increase stiffness and load-to-failure compared to a non-locking screw construct. Methods: Fourteen matched pairs of fresh frozen cadaveric clavicles were randomized into two groups: hybrid screw fixation (n=7 pairs) and non-locking screw fixation (n=7 pairs). One clavicle from each pair was randomly selected to receive a 1cm midshaft gap osteotomy and plate fixation, while the remaining clavicle was tested as the intact control. The clavicles were tested through four-point bending to determine stiffness and load-to-failure. Results: The hybrid construct was seventeen percent more stiff compared to the non-locked construct, although this did not reach statistical significance (p=0.09). The non-locked construct was significantly less stiff than the intact clavicle, whereas there was no significant difference in stiffness between the hybrid construct and the intact clavicle. Load-to-failure was not significantly different between the hybrid and nonlocked constructs. Conclusion: There was a trend towards higher stiffness of the hybrid construct compared to the non-locked construct. A similar study with more statistical power is needed to fully elicit the true differences in stiffness and load-to-failure between the two constructs. Level of Evidence: Basic Science Study – Biomechanical Level

Functional and Radiographic Long Term Outcomes of Hemiarthroplasty For Proximal Humeral Fractures

Background Hemiarthroplasty is the preferred surgical procedure for 3- and 4-part proximal humeral fractures. Our retrospective study examined functional and radiographic outcomes at 2- and 5-year follow-up in patients who received a hemiarthroplasty for 3- and 4-part proximal humeral fractures. Materials and methods Forty-seven consecutive patients of a single surgeon treated with a cemented shoulder hemiarthroplasty between 2000 and 2006 were followed up. Standard surgical technique was used in all cases. Postoperative radiographs were compared with radiographs at 2 and 5 years along with active range of motion and functional outcomes scores. Results Twenty-five patients were examined at 2 years and twenty-two at 2 and 5 years. The mean age was 61 years. The mean acromiohumeral distance decreased from 10.3 mm postoperatively to 8.5 mm at 2 years and 6.7 mm at 5 years (P ≤ .001). More patients had stem osteolysis and tuberosity reabsorption at 2 and 5 years compared with postoperatively (P = .016 and P ≤ .001, respectively). The University of California, Los Angeles score decreased from 26.0 to 22.3 (P = .045); the Constant score decreased from 61.1 to 50.1 (P = .01); the Simple Shoulder Test 12 score decreased from 7.7 to 6.2 (P = .018); and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score decreased from 70.4 to 58.8 (P = .015). Pain scores increased from 2- to 5-year follow-up (P = .018). The range-of-motion measures changed little from the 2-to 5-year follow-up. Conclusions Hemiarthroplasty has a high rate of long-term complications. Increases in acromiohumeral distance, stem osteolysis, and tuberosity reabsorption were observed between 2- and 5-year follow-up. Pain scores and functional outcomes worsened. No improvement in range of motion was observed

Functional and Radiographic Long Term Outcomes of Hemiarthroplasty For Proximal Humeral Fractures

Background Hemiarthroplasty is the preferred surgical procedure for 3- and 4-part proximal humeral fractures. Our retrospective study examined functional and radiographic outcomes at 2- and 5-year follow-up in patients who received a hemiarthroplasty for 3- and 4-part proximal humeral fractures. Materials and methods Forty-seven consecutive patients of a single surgeon treated with a cemented shoulder hemiarthroplasty between 2000 and 2006 were followed up. Standard surgical technique was used in all cases. Postoperative radiographs were compared with radiographs at 2 and 5 years along with active range of motion and functional outcomes scores. Results Twenty-five patients were examined at 2 years and twenty-two at 2 and 5 years. The mean age was 61 years. The mean acromiohumeral distance decreased from 10.3 mm postoperatively to 8.5 mm at 2 years and 6.7 mm at 5 years (P ≤ .001). More patients had stem osteolysis and tuberosity reabsorption at 2 and 5 years compared with postoperatively (P = .016 and P ≤ .001, respectively). The University of California, Los Angeles score decreased from 26.0 to 22.3 (P = .045); the Constant score decreased from 61.1 to 50.1 (P = .01); the Simple Shoulder Test 12 score decreased from 7.7 to 6.2 (P = .018); and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score decreased from 70.4 to 58.8 (P = .015). Pain scores increased from 2- to 5-year follow-up (P = .018). The range-of-motion measures changed little from the 2-to 5-year follow-up. Conclusions Hemiarthroplasty has a high rate of long-term complications. Increases in acromiohumeral distance, stem osteolysis, and tuberosity reabsorption were observed between 2- and 5-year follow-up. Pain scores and functional outcomes worsened. No improvement in range of motion was observed