Accounting for Cost of Pollution Damages on Wealth’s Elements

This paper attempted to present a simple workable accounting framework for allocating the costs of pollution damages on various polluting sources.The government and specialized authorities can use the cost allocation models to impose tax and fees on pollutant sources. Accordingly, pollutant sources are obliged to disclose taxes and fees explicitly in its financial statements as part of product or service costs. At the same time, the accounting profession could develop these measures while considering new projects that are expected to produce potential pollution damages. These measures will help as control devices to issuing licenses for establishment and operation of new enterprises. Also, usage of the proposed framework over a period of time will help in control the pollutant emissions within permissible levels internationally which is one necessary step of applying the concept of green accounting and sustainable development. A simple numerical example illustrates the theoretical discussion

Estimation of the Cost of the Direct Damage on Human Resources Caused by Water Pollution

A set of simple models is proposed in this study to measure the cost of the direct effects of water pollution on human resources. Inductive reasoning is used while developing and applying the models on a hypothetical case to demonstrate the feasibility and practicability of the proposed models. By testing the validity and applicability of the proposed models, a professional accountant may recognize the accounting transactions tangibly in the financial statements of the polluted companies. This will improve the quality of companies’ financial reporting

The impact of using WhatsApp on the team’s communication, employee performance and data confidentiality

This research aims to explore the ways in which the use of WhatsApp for diagonal and lateral communication can improve the achievement of tasks, to what extent it can keep data and information trustworthy and confidential, and in what ways WhatsApp improves the communication of suggestions, instructions, and complaints. The study uses a quantitative research strategy with one independent variable, which is WhatsApp usage in the workplace, and three dependent variables, which are team member communication, employee performance, and confidentiality. To test the proposed research model, the authors conduct an online questionnaire in the United Arab Emirates. Descriptive statistics are used to analyze the quantitative data collected through the questionnaires. The study shows that the use of WhatsApp for communication is positively associated with leader-member exchange (LMX) and team-member exchange (TMX). Both LMX and TMX have a positive correlation with employee performance. WhatsApp is a trusted method to transfer information between team members and between managers and employees. The study also asserts that the use of WhatsApp is an effective tool to improve productivity and performance, and it makes task completion faster. It appears that the study has a limited literature review and lacks previous research on the variables related to data confidentiality and improving team performance. In this case, the study seems to be lacking a thorough examination of prior research related to data confidentiality and its impact on team performance. WhatsApp is a widely used messaging application that offers end-to-end encryption to its users, and this encryption provides a certain level of security and privacy. WhatsApp usage has a positive impact on team performance and productivity. The study presents a concrete understanding of how vertical and horizontal relationships connect the impact of WhatsApp communication on employee performance. The study recommends the use of WhatsApp in the workplace as a safe tool to boost performance and improve productivity and satisfaction

Analysis of managerial efficiency in insurance sector in the UAE: an emerging economy

Purpose – This study sets out to analyze the efficiency and productivity issues of the insurance sector from both the policymakers' and investors' points of view to insulate the business and financial risks of UAE corporate houses. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses two inputs of “administrative and general expenses”, and “equity and change in legal reserves”, versus two outputs of rate of “return on investments” and “liquid asset to total liabilities ratio” to assess the allocative efficiency of the companies using DEA. Using the the Malmquist productivity index the efficiency is broken down into technical and scale efficiency to evaluate the performance of the insurers. Findings – While the scale of operation of insurers is, by and large, acceptable, there is a considerable degree of managerial inefficiency among the insurers, with the least efficiency in 2000, and higher efficiency in 2004. Further, the insurers on average achieved a mere 0.8 percent annual gain in total factor productivity over the period in question. Research limitations/implications – The data set is narrow with 19 insurers in the region, which is the limitation. Practical implications – The results have policy implications for the regulators and managerial implications for the existing insurers to face the growing competition in the region. Originality/value – This is the first study to investigate the productivity changes of insurance sector operations in a developing economy: the UAE in the Middle-East region. The study findings help the insurers to take appropriate managerial steps to improve the efficiency of their operations.Insurance, Performance measurement (quality), Productivity rate, United Arab Emirates

The effect of financial risks on the performance of Islamic and commercial banks in UAE

Risk management has emerged as a critical element across several economic sectors, with particular significance in the banking industry. The governing bodies of these industries encounter a multitude of threats stemming from the escalation of an unpredictable economic environment, the intricacy of transactions and big data, and several other concealed factors. The primary aim of the present research is to investigate the impact of certain financial risks, including capital risk, liquidity risk, and operational risk, on the financial performance of both commercial and Islamic banks operating within the banking sector of the United Arab Emirates. The study will focus on the time frame spanning from 2015 to 2022. The data used in this study was sourced from the annual reports of banks, which were acquired from the official websites of the Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange and the Dubai stock market. The most prevalent indicators used to assess a bank's financial performance are Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE). In contrast, the financial risk metrics included three distinct categories of risk: capital risk, liquidity risk, and operational risk. The findings indicate that there is a statistically significant positive relationship between capital risk and both return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). However, it was observed that neither liquidity risk nor operational risk had a statistically significant impact on either of the financial performance metrics. Moreover, the size of a bank has a notable and favorable impact on both return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). The ramifications of the study's conclusions have significant importance for regulators, bank management, and investors. IPolicymakers need to prioritize the enhancement of the regulatory framework pertaining to caboutements in order to the financial stability of banks. Bank managers should give priority to the management of capital risk and the size of the bank in order to their financial performance. In order to optimize profits, it is important for investors to carefully evaluate and take into account the many risk considerations associated with their investment selections.JEL:G20, G2