Dirichlet's and Thomson's principles for non-selfadjoint elliptic operators with application to non-reversible metastable diffusion processes

We present two variational formulae for the capacity in the context of non-selfadjoint elliptic operators. The minimizers of these variational problems are expressed as solutions of boundary-value elliptic equations. We use these principles to provide a sharp estimate for the transition times between two different wells for non-reversible diffusion processes. This estimate permits to describe the metastable behavior of the system

Review of Reactor Neutrino Oscillation Experiments

In this document we will review the current status of reactor neutrino oscillation experiments and present their physics potentials for measuring the $\theta_{13}$ neutrino mixing angle. The neutrino mixing angle $\theta_{13}$ is currently a high-priority topic in the field of neutrino physics. There are currently three different reactor neutrino experiments, \textsc{Double Chooz}, \textsc{Daya Bay} and \textsc{Reno} and a few accelerator neutrino experiments searching for neutrino oscillations induced by this angle. A description of the reactor experiments searching for a non-zero value of $\theta_{13}$ is given, along with a discussion of the sensitivities that these experiments can reach in the near future.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figure

THE INDETERMINATE PRESENT: AN ESSAY ON QUANTUM MECHANICS AND THE OPEN FUTURE

The dissertation is a defense of the following conditional claim: if there are objective collapses of the wavefunction, then the future is genuinely open. Although this is no radically new idea, the strategy I shall use to defend it is a new one. It proceeds in two main steps. First, building upon the recent literature on metaphysical indeterminacy in quantum mechanics, I argue for the view that systems in superposition have be interpreted as objectively indeterminate state of affairs. Second, I propose an alternative way to think of openness, according to which the future is open as of t, if and only if there is an indeterminate state of affair S at t, and S becomes determinate at t\u2019 (with t\u2019 later than t). To argue for the second step, I will give an analysis of the objective collapses of the wavefunction as the becoming determinate of previously indeterminate systems. Furthermore, in developing my arguments, I will also make some remarks concerning the ontology of objective collapse interpretations of quantum mechanics, the issue of whether metaphysical indeterminacy can be at some derivate level of reality, and the possibility of the openness of the future being an emergent phenomenon

Modern Physics Letters A c ○ World Scientific Publishing Company Review of Reactor Neutrino Oscillation Experiments

In this document we will review the current status of reactor neutrino oscillation experiments and present their physics potentials for measuring the θ13 neutrino mixing angle. The neutrino mixing angle θ13 is currently a high-priority topic in the field of neutrino physics. There are currently three different reactor neutrino experiments, Double Chooz, Daya Bay and Reno and a few accelerator neutrino experiments searching for neutrino oscillations induced by this angle. A description of the reactor experiments searching for a non-zero value of θ13 is given, along with a discussion of the sensitivities that these experiments can reach in the near future

Parametric resonance and spin-charge separation in 1D fermionic systems

We show that the periodic modulation of the Hamiltonian parameters for 1D correlated fermionic systems can be used to parametrically amplify their bosonic collective modes. Treating the problem within the Luttinger liquid picture, we show how charge and spin density waves with different momenta are simultaneously amplified. We discuss the implementation of our predictions for cold atoms in 1D modulated optical lattices, showing that the fermionic momentum distribution directly provides a clear signature of spin-charge separation.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, published versio

Numerical Implementation of lepton-nucleus interactions and its effect on neutrino oscillation analysis

We discuss the implementation of the nuclear model based on realistic nuclear spectral functions in the GENIE neutrino interaction generator. Besides improving on the Fermi gas description of the nuclear ground state, our scheme involves a new prescription for $Q^2$ selection, meant to efficiently enforce energy momentum conservation. The results of our simulations, validated through comparison to electron scattering data, have been obtained for a variety of target nuclei, ranging from carbon to argon, and cover the kinematical region in which quasi elastic scattering is the dominant reaction mechanism. We also analyse the influence of the adopted nuclear model on the determination of neutrino oscillation parameters.Comment: 19 pages, 35 figures, version accepted by Phys. Rev.

Paran\ue1-Etendeka lithosphere modeling according to GOCE observations and geophysical constraints: improvement of PERLA project

One of the challenges of the European Space Agency (ESA) is to improve knowledge of physical properties and geodynamic processes of the lithosphere and the Earth\u2019s deep interior, and their relationship to the Earth-surface changes. PERLA project is a part of the challenge of ESA\u2019s Living Planet program to investigate the Solid Earth, and in particular the lithosphere of the Paran\ue1-Etendeka Large Igneous Province (LIP). At the present stage the study is focusing on the upper mantle, the source of the magma. The aim is to motivate the asymmetry of the shallow volcanic effusion of the Early Cretaceous tholeiitic magmatism, that in Paran\ue1 is wide, thick and represented by the basaltic layer of Serra Geral Formation, while in Etendeka it is rare and spanned. Viceversa the alkaline magmatism shows similar effusions along the region with dyke swarms and associated alkaline and alkaline-carbonatite complexes from Early Creataceous to Paleogene age. ESA\u2019s Living Planet program offers a suite of scientific satellites, the Earth Explorers, and in this context PERLA adopts the newest GOCE satellite mission products. The Marussi tensor field and especially its vertical component show a positive anomaly along the coastline sector of both the western and eastern Atlantic Ocean. Positive anomalies are also related to the deeper Moho under the northern part of Paran\ue1 basin, in South America (SAM) and the Etendeka continental part. Here we aim to define the detail of masses between crust and upper mantle by modeling the Marussi Tensor components and the invariants. The invariants are easier to understand because they are independent of the reference system. The forward model uses Tesseroids. The density model is compared with recent seismologic models, and is performed according to the results provided by the physical laws governing rock densities and seismic velocity of lithosphere in function of temperature and pressure combined with laboratory measurements of a great number of mineral samples. Also the age of the mantle is included, according to the standard petrological classification of mantle with the percentages of four lead minerals: Olivine, Orthopyroxene, Clinopyroxene and Garnet. Studying the GOCE gravimetric data with the integration of geophysical and also petrological constraints is useful to investigate the lithosphere and to improve the geodynamics of complex geologic areas like LIPs