EFEITO DO TIPO DE PODA NA PRODUÇÃO E QUALIDADE DA VIDEIRA CV. VÊNUS

A trial was conduced in a commercial vineyard located in a south region of Parana State. The vinegrape cv. Vênus with twelve years old spaced by 2.5 x 1.5 m was used. The vinegrapes were submitted to mist and long pruned. The following variables were evaluated: percentage of sprouting; number of clusters; production; weigh medium of clusters, soluble solids (SS) and period of harvest. The percentage of buds pre-bloomed were different in mist prune and long prune treatments, the biggest medium was in mist prune (87,93%) when compared which long prune (76,68%). The weigh of clusters and the contents of soluble solids did not differ in both prunes. The production in plants submitted to long prune was twice as much as compared to mist prune, it was the double number of clusters when compared which the mist prune. The vinegrape ‘Vênus’ fructification prune in south area of Paraná State must be middle to long prune, with five or six buds per ramification, in other to obtain more clusters and show adequate vigor for the next winter prune. The prune influenced grapes ripening by delayed harvest for five days in long prune plants.Este experimento foi realizado num vinhedo localizado na região sul do estado do Paraná. Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito das podas mista e longa sobre a produção e qualidade da videira cv. Vênus na safra 2005/06. Foram utilizadas videiras com doze anos de idade, conduzidas em pérgula e espaçadas em 2,5 x 1,5 m. As videiras foram submetidas aos tratamentos de poda mista e longa. As variáveis avaliadas foram: porcentagem de gemas brotadas; número de cachos por planta; produção por planta; massa média dos cachos, sólidos solúveis (SS) e época de colheita. Observou-se que em relação à porcentagem de gemas brotadas, houve diferenças significativas entre as diferentes intensidades de poda, onde se obteve 87,93% de brotação na poda mista em relação à 76,68% na poda longa. A massa do cacho e o teor de sólidos solúveis não diferiram estatisticamente em ambas as podas. Em compensação, a produção dobrou com a poda longa em relação à poda mista, devido à poda longa produzir o dobro de cachos em relação à poda mista. A poda de frutificação invernal da videira ‘Vênus’ na região deve ser de intensidade média à longa deixando-se por vara entre cinco a seis gemas para se obter maior número de cachos e que apresentem vigor adequado para a próxima poda de inverno. O tipo de poda influenciou significativamente na maturação das uvas, pois quando realizada a poda longa houve atraso da colheita em cinco dias

Bioactive compounds and physico-chemical characteristics of guavas bagged with different materials

There are several alternatives to bags used for field fruit bagging but little is known about their management in the orchards and the influence of the materials on the phytochemicals and on the physicochemical properties of the fruits after harvest. This study aimed at evaluating fruit bagging with different materials regarding its management and interference in bioactive compounds and physico-chemical features of guava cultivars ‘Paluma’, ‘Século XXI’ and ‘Pedro Sato’, which were cultivated in an organic farming system. The experiment was carried in Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation in 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 harvests. Guavas underwent the following treatments: no bagging (witness); non-woven fabric (TNT); kraft paper; white paper and transparent perforated polyethylene. The following fruit quality variables were analyzed: total phenols; antioxidant activity; carotenoids; peel color; soluble solids; pH; and titratable acidity. This study found that bagging materials interfered both in the phenol content and in the antioxidant activity of the three guava cultivars even though they did not affect pulp carotenoids. Fruit bagging with TNT and transparent perforated polyethylene provided more resistance against weather adversities. Bagging of guava cultivars ‘Paluma’, ‘Século XXI’ and ‘Pedro Sato’ changed the phytochemical and physicochemical features of the fruits.There are several alternatives to bags used for field fruit bagging but little is known about their management in the orchards and the influence of the materials on the phytochemicals and on the physicochemical properties of the fruits after harvest. This study aimed at evaluating fruit bagging with different materials regarding its management and interference in bioactive compounds and physico-chemical features of guava cultivars ‘Paluma’, ‘Século XXI’ and ‘Pedro Sato’, which were cultivated in an organic farming system. The experiment was carried in Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation in 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 harvests. Guavas underwent the following treatments: no bagging (witness); non-woven fabric (TNT); kraft paper; white paper and transparent perforated polyethylene. The following fruit quality variables were analyzed: total phenols; antioxidant activity; carotenoids; peel color; soluble solids; pH; and titratable acidity. This study found that bagging materials interfered both in the phenol content and in the antioxidant activity of the three guava cultivars even though they did not affect pulp carotenoids. Fruit bagging with TNT and transparent perforated polyethylene provided more resistance against weather adversities. Bagging of guava cultivars ‘Paluma’, ‘Século XXI’ and ‘Pedro Sato’ changed the phytochemical and physicochemical features of the fruits

Initial performance of 'Rebo' wine grapes on different rootstocks and at various planting densities

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de diferentes porta‑enxertos e densidades de plantio sobre o desempenho inicial da produtividade e da qualidade de uvas da cultivar Rebo, cultivada em região de alta altitude do estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Realizou-se um delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 5×3. Os tratamentos consistiram da combinação de cinco porta-enxertos ('101-14 Mgt', 'IAC 572', 'Paulsen 1103', 'Harmony' e 'VR 043‑43') com a uva Rebo e de três espaçamentos entre plantas (1,0, 1,2 e 1,5 m). As avaliações ocorreram durante as safras 2018/2019 e 2019/2020. Avaliaram-se as variáveis produtivas iniciais e as características físico-químicas das uvas. O porta-enxerto '101‑14 Mgt' apresentou a brotação mais precoce, e os porta-enxertos 'VR043-43' e 'IAC 572', as mais tardias. Os porta‑enxertos '101‑14 Mgt' e 'VR043-43' proporcionaram maior produtividade. Os espaçamentos de 1,0 e 1,2 m entre plantas aumentaram a produtividade inicial da vinha. Os porta-enxertos '101‑14 Mgt' e 'Harmony' contribuíram para diminuir a acidez total do mosto. O desempenho inicial da produtividade e da qualidade da uva vinífera 'Rebo' é favorecido pelo porta-enxerto '101-14 Mgt' às densidades de plantio de 1,0 a 1,2 m.The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of different rootstocks and planting densities on the initial performance of the yield and quality of the Rebo grapes cultivars grown in a high altitude region of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. An experimental design with randomized complete blocks was carried out in a 5×3 factorial arrangement. The treatments consisted of the combination of five rootstocks ('101-14 Mgt', 'IAC 572', 'Paulsen 1103', 'Harmony', and 'VR 043-43') with the 'Rebo' grape, and of three spacing between plants (1.0, 1.2, and 1.5 m). The evaluations took place during the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 crop seasons. The initial yield variables and the physicochemical characteristics of the grapes were evaluated. The '101-14 Mgt' rootstock provided early shoots, and the 'VR043‑43' and 'IAC 572' rootstocks the latest shoots. The '101-14 Mgt' and 'VR043-43' rootstocks provided a higher yield. Plant spacing at 1.0 and 1.2 m increased the initial yield of the vineyard. The '101-14 Mgt' and 'Harmony' rootstocks contributed to the lower total acidity of must. The initial performance of the yield and quality of 'Rebo' wine grape is favored by the '101-14 Mgt' rootstock at the planting densities of 1.0 to 1.2 m

Bud-break promoters for the improvement of the budburst of pecan cultivars

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes substâncias indutoras de brotação nas cultivares de nogueira-pecã (Carya illinoinensis) Barton, Desirable e Jackson. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram da aplicação de diferentes concentrações de produtos comerciais nas plantas dessas cultivares, para a indução de brotação. Foram avaliados a percentagem de brotação de gemas axilares e o índice de heterogeneidade de brotação (IHB). Independentemente da concentração utilizada, a aplicação do produto cianamida hidrogenada melhorou a brotação das cultivares testadas e reduziu o IHB. Além disso, N solúvel em água + Ca a 6% e N solúvel em água + C orgânico solúvel em água a 7% melhoram significativamente a brotação e reduzem o IHB das cultivares avaliadas e são, portanto, potenciais alternativas para substituir a cianamida hidrogenada.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different bud-breaking substances on the budburst of the Barton, Desirable, and Jackson pecan (Carya illinoinensis) cultivars. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replicates. The treatments consisted of spraying different rates of commercial bud-break promoters on the trees of these cultivars, in order to induce budburst. The budburst percentage of axillary buds and the budburst heterogeneity index (BHI) were evaluated. Regardless of the used rate, the application of the hydrogen cyanamide product improved the budburst of the tested cultivars and reduced the BHI. In addition, water soluble N + Ca at 6% and water soluble N + organic C soluble in water at 7% significantly improve the budburst and reduce the BHI of the evaluated cultivars, being, therefore, potential alternatives to replace hydrogen cyanamide

Potencial de diferentes cultivares de uvas para processamento de sucos nas condições do sul do Brasil

The objective of this study was to evaluate the juice quality of 11 grape cultivars over three productive cycles, aiming to identify which cultivars are indicated to complement the varietal matrix and allow the extension of the harvest period in the region of Vale do Rio do Peixe - SC. The grapes used to elaborate the juices were: BRS Rúbea (RUB), BRS Cora (COR); BRS Violet (VIO); BRS Carmen (CAR), BRS Magna (MAG), Bordô (BOR), Isabel (ISA), Isabel Precoce (IP), Concord (CON), Concord Clone 30 (C30) and SCS 421 Paulina (SCSP), produced in the EPAGRI experimental station vineyard, in Videira-SC. The physical-chemical variables analyzed showed statistically significant differences for the different cultivars. From the analysis of main components performed, it was possible to observe the noticeable differences between the levels of this factor and the correlations between the parameters. ISA and IP showed lower levels of anthocyanins and color, differing from VIO and MAG. CON and C30 stood out for their high acidity and low soluble solids content. BOR, SCSP and RUB presented juices with intense coloring, high content of bioactive compounds, nevertheless they presented lower levels of soluble solids and a higher acidity, while COR presented slightly higher contents for total soluble solids. The cultivars that brought together the greatest number of favorable characteristics (physical-chemical, sensory and extension of the harvest dates) for the juice elaboration in the studied region, proving favorable to complement the productive matrix composed of ISA and BOR, were VIO, MAG, IP, COR and CAR.O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade do suco de 11 cultivares de uvas ao longo de três ciclos produtivos, com o intuito de identificar quais os cultivares são indicadas para complementar a matriz varietal e permitir a ampliação do período de colheita na região do Vale do Rio do Peixe - SC. As uvas empregadas na elaboração dos sucos foram: BRS Rúbea (RUB), BRS Cora (COR); BRS Violeta (VIO); BRS Carmem (CAR), BRS Magna (MAG), Bordô (BOR), Isabel (ISA), Isabel Precoce (IP), Concord (CON), Concord Clone 30 (C30) e SCS 421 Paulina (SCSP), produzidas em vinhedo experimental da Epagri, Estação experimental de Videira-SC. As variáveis físico-químicas analisadas apresentaram diferenças estatísticas significativas para os diferentes cultivares. A partir de análises de componentes principais foi possível observar as marcantes diferenças entre os níveis desse fator e as correlações entre os parâmetros. ISA e IP demonstraram menores teores de antocianinas e coloração, diferenciando-se de VIO e MAG. CON e C30 destacaram-se pela alta acidez e pouco teor de sólidos solúveis. BOR, SCSP e RUB apresentaram sucos com coloração intensa, alto teor de compostos bioativos, porém apresentam menores teores de sólidos solúveis e uma maior acidez, enquanto COR apresenta teores ligeiramente mais elevados para sólidos solúveis totais. Os cultivares que reuniram o maior número de características favoráveis (físico-química, sensorial e ampliação de data de colheita) para a elaboração de suco na região estudada, mostrando-se favoráveis para complementar a matriz produtiva composta por ISA e BOR, são VIO, MAG, IP, COR e CAR

Qualidade de morangos submetidos à radiação UV-C pré-colheita

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of the use of UV-C radiation at an intensity of 0.53 KJ m-2, during strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) cultivation, on the physicochemical and phytochemical parameters of the fruits. The used experimental design was completely randomized, in a single-factor arrangement with 11, 19, 29, and 39 UV-C applications and without UV-C application. The hue of the fruits was smaller at the end of the study period. pH varied in strawberries that received 39 applications of UV-C, and the soluble solids content differed with 19 applications. Antioxidant activity was lower in fruits with 11, 19, and 29 UV-C applications, whereas vitamin C content was lower only in fruits that received 29 applications. The use of UV-C radiation at an intensity of 0.53 KJ m-2, during strawberry cultivation, affects the physicochemical and phytochemical parameters of the fruits, but does not cause losses in their quality.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do uso de radiação UV-C na intensidade de 0,53 KJ m-2, durante o cultivo de morango (Fragaria x ananassa), sobre os parâmetros físico-químicos e fitoquímicos dos frutos. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo unifatorial, com 11, 19, 29 e 39 aplicações de UV-C e sem aplicação de UV-C. A tonalidade dos frutos apresentou menor ângulo ao final do período de estudo. O pH variou em morangos que receberam 39 aplicações de UV-C, e o conteúdo de sólidos solúveis diferiu com 19 aplicações. A atividade antioxidante foi menor nas frutas com 11, 19 e 29 aplicações de UV-C, enquanto o teor de vitamina C foi menor apenas nas frutas que receberam 29 aplicações. O uso de radiação UV-C de 0,53 KJ m-2, durante o cultivo de morango, afeta os parâmetros físico-químicos e fitoquímicos dos frutos, mas não leva à perda de sua qualidade

Refrigerated storage of blackberry cultivar ‘BRS Cainguá’ harvested at different ripeness stages

ABSTRACT Blackberries have a short post-harvest conservation period, making it necessary to optimize harvest and storage conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of refrigerated storage and maturation stage on the physicochemical quality of ‘BRS Cainguá’ blackberries, produced in an organic system. Blackberries from an experimental orchard, were harvested at three ripeness stages (RS), with RS1 being fruits with 100% red skin; RS2 skin 50% red and 50% black; and EM3 100% black skin. The samples were stored in a cold chamber at 4±0.5ºC and 90-95% RH for 12 days. The evaluations were carried out after 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days of storage, for: weight loss (WL), soluble solids (SS), pH, titratable acidity (TA), ratio (SS/TA) and color parameters. Blackberries harvested in RS3 had the highest SS content, lowest TA and the highest SS/TA ratio and pH. During storage, TA and WL showed decreasing and increasing linear responses, respectively, regardless of the RS of the fruits. Harvesting based on the skin color of ‘BRS Cainguá’ blackberries influences the physicochemical quality and postharvest conservation. Fruits harvested with 100% black skin, have the best quality and are the most suitable for subsequent refrigerated storage

Performance of resistant grape varieties (PIWI), 'Felicia', 'Calardis Blanc' and 'Helios' in two locations of Santa Catarina State (BR)

ABSTRACT Downy mildew (Plamopora viticola) is one of the major problems to produce wine grapes in Brazil, a main cause of yield losses in the Southern region of the country. An alternative to the use of pesticides is the use of resistant varieties (PIWI): wine grapes combining high oenological potential and resistance to diseases. The goal of this work was to assess the vegetative and productive performance and maturation of three PIWI varieties (‘Felicia’, ‘Calardis Blanc’ and ‘Helios’) produced at altitudes of 840m and 1250m in the 2020, 2021 and 2022 vintages. The study is focused on four phenological stages: budbreak (BBCH 7), full bloom (BBCH 65), veraison (BBCH 81) and maturity/harvest (BBCH 89). The criteria for measuring the productive performance were, the number of clusters, average cluster weight, production per plant, yield and Ravaz index. As parameters for technological and phenolic maturation, pH, soluble solids, total acidity and total polyphenols were evaluated. The budbreak occurred at the end of August until the second fortnight of September, the flowering occurred in the second week of October, the veraison occurred during the month of December, and the maturity/harvest occurred from the second fortnight of January until the beginning of February. The earliest budbreak occurred with ‘Felicia’ in the vineyard at 1250m and the latest occurred with ‘Calardis Blanc’. Regardless of the vineyard altitude, there was practically no difference in the flowering date between varieties and the vineyards altitude, the veraison and the maturity/harvest occurred earlier in the vineyard at 840m. The varieties produced at 840 m had a shorter cycle and proved to be more productive when compared to those produced at 1250 m. The studied varieties showed good phenological adaptation, high yield and maturation indices suitable for the production of quality still and sparkling white wines at both altitudes. From the results obtained, ‘Felicia’ and ‘Calardis Blanc’ seem to be the most promising varieties for cultivation in both altitude ranges

Qualidade de pêssegos cultivares Granada e Maciel colhidos em diferentes graus de maturidade em armazenamento refrigerado

In this study the effects of ripening stages on the quality of peaches cultivars Granada and Macielduring cold storage were evaluated. Peaches of both cultivars at ripening stages: green, semi-green, semi-ripen and ripen, were kept during 30 days (‘Granada’) or 40 days (‘Maciel’) in a cold room, at 0 ± 0,5oC cold storage temperature and 85% to 90% relative humidity. At every-ten-days period fruits were taken out of the cold room and after three days under room temperature, the following variables were evaluated: weight loss; color, firmness;total soluble solids (TSS); total titratable acidity (TTA); decay; internal browning; mealiness; polyphenoloxidase activity; phenols and sensorial aspects. It was concluded that for regular cold storage, peaches of ‘Granada’should be harvested at the semi-green stage and cold stored for up to 30 days; harvested at the semi-ripen stage and cold stored for up to 20 days; harvested at the ripen stage for immediate marketing. Peaches of the ‘Maciel’should be harvested at the semi-green ripening stage and cold stored for up to 20 days; harvested at the semiripen stage and cold stored for up to ten days and or harvested at the ripen stage for immediate marketing.Nesse estudo foi avaliado o efeito do grau de maturação na qualidade pós-colheita de pêssegoscultivares Granada e Maciel, durante o armazenamento refrigerado. As frutas foram selecionadas nos estádiosde maturação verde, meio-verde, meio-maduro e maduro, sendo armazenadas por até 30 dias as da cultivarGranada e até 40 dias as da cultivar Maciel, em temperatura de 0 ± 0,5oC e 85% a 90% de umidade relativa. A cadadez dias as frutas foram retiradas da câmara, e após três dias em temperatura de 20 ± 0,5oC avaliou-se a perdade peso, a firmeza de polpa, os sólidos solúveis totais (SST), a acidez total titulável (ATT), as porcentagens depodridões, o escurecimento interno, a farinosidade, a atividade da polifenoloxidase, os fenóis e característicassensoriais. A partir dos resultados, pode-se concluir que pêssegos ‘Granada’, colhidos nos estádios de maturaçãomeio-verde e meio-maduro são conservados com qualidade comercial, durante 30 e 20 dias, respectivamente; eos pêssegos ‘Maciel’, durante 20 dias, quando colhidos no estádio de maturação meio-verde e por dez dias no estádiomeio-maduro

Raleio mecânico de frutos e flores em pessegueiros

Techniques that improve process efficiency are important to reduce the operational cost of orchards. Two mechanical devices were tested to verify the efficiency of peach tree thinning and the influence on fruit production and quality characteristics. The experiment was conducted using the Maciel cultivar in a commercial orchard in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The treatments consisted of mechanical flower blossom thinning using the Carpa ElectroTM and “trimming” equipment; mechanical fruit thinning using the “trimming” equipment; and manual fruit thinning. The mechanical thinning associated with manual thinning of peach trees may be a viable alternative to manual thinning since it reduces the execution time. Both equipment can be used for mechanical thinning since they didn't change the production per plant, number of fruits per plant, fruit mass, fruit diameter, physicochemical characteristics, and bioactive compounds of the fruits.Técnicas que melhorem a eficiência do processo e reduzam o custo de operação são importantes ferramentas na redução dos custos. Dois dispositivos mecânicos foram utilizados para testar a eficiência no raleio de frutos e flores em pessegueiros e a influencia nas características produtivas e qualitativas dos frutos. O estudo foi realizado na cultivar Maciel em pomar comercial no município de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Os tratamentos foram: raleio mecânico de flores com o equipamento Carpa Electro® e “derriçadeira”, raleio mecânico de frutos com o equipamento “derriçadeira” e raleio manual de frutos. O raleio mecânico associado ao repasse manual em pessegueiros pode ser uma alternativa viável ao raleio manual, pois reduz o tempo de execução desta prática. Os dois equipamentos podem ser utilizados para o raleio mecânico, pois não alteraram a produção por planta, o número de frutos por planta, a massa dos frutos, diâmetro dos frutos, as características físico-químicas e os compostos bioativos dos frutos