Enhancing Usability of the Multi-channel Analysis of Surface Wave (MASW) Technique for Subsurface Physical Property Mapping by Incorporating Random-Array Seismic Acquisition

Subsurface imaging is very critical to exploit subsurface resources, monitor the fluid movement in the reservoir, mapping tunnels etc. As science advances scientists and other researchers are constantly trying to develop new techniques and methods for subsurface imaging that are more effective, efficient, and are more robust under varying field conditions. The main focus of this research is one such effort to improve and increase the usability of the Multi-channel Analysis of Surface Wave method (MASW) method in determining regolith and rock properties by introducing a new type of receiver arrangement to extend its usage in places that are inaccessible for example, near embankments, military places, clandestine burials, etc. Advances in near-surface geophysical techniques, such as multi-channel analysis of surface waves (MASW), have greatly increased our ability to map subsurface variations in physical properties here on Earth. The MASW method involves deployment of multiple seismometers to acquire 1-D or 2-D shear wave velocity profiles that can be directly related to various engineering properties. The purpose of the research presented here is to demonstrate the usefulness and capabilities of MASW technique using a random receiver array 1) through controlled site experiments, 2) through Modeling experiments, and 3) And finally apply the technique at terrestrial site (the Black Point Lava Flow) with a different geologic setting. The results focus on near-surface MASW studies and interpretation of the subsurface geology using a random geophone array. The field techniques and methodologies discussed in this dissertation, although applicable on Earth, are also intended for surfaces and regolith in the future exploration of planetary bodies for possible human habitation. This would include Mars, its Moon-Phobus/Deimos, Near-Earth Asteroids (NEA’s), even Earth’s Moon. With each situation, the nature of the regolith and its formational processes will place certain restrictions and limitations upon the applications. This is expected with any change of terrains even on the Earth, let alone between planetary bodies

Employability Skill Evaluation Among Vocational Education Students in India

The changing nature of work and employment is providing individuals for more flexible multi-skilling and learning opportunities. Imparting skill-based industry-oriented teaching can bridge the skill gaps and enhance employment opportunities for students. In this context, Government of India has introduced numerous programs to provide a fillip to technical vocational education and training.  The current paper is aimed at understanding the role of vocational education and the change it brings to skill development and employability of the students.  A combination of both qualitative and quantitative research methods was deployed for the study.  In the quantitative design a multi-stage sampling process comprising of both probabilistic and non-probabilistic methods was employed.  A sample of 586 students pursuing retail vocational education was identified and administered with the questionnaire.  The statistical analysis presented the socio-economic profiles.  Further, five factors for skill development and one factor for employability skill were identified through exploratory factor analysis.  The factors identified for skill development include Initiative and Enterprise Skills (IES), Workplace Skills (WS), Professional Practice and Standards (PPS), Inter Personal Skills (IPS) and Integration Theory and Practice (ITP).  Confirmatory and regression models involving all the factors were tested and their significance was analyzed.  The study revealed that there is a positive impact of skill development on employability.  It is suggested that focus on imparting vocational education for skill development can be a panacea for increased employability. &nbsp

Calculation of tunneling current across Trapezoidal potential barrier in a Scanning Tunneling Microscope

The Planar Model of the Electrode-Vacuum-Electrode configuration for STM in which electrode surfaces are assumed to be infinite parallel planes, with atomic size separation and vacuum between them, is used to calculate tunneling current densities for both low and high bias voltages. Non WKB, Airy function solutions for the Schr\"odinger Equation for the trapezoidal barrier in the tunneling region are used to calculate the tunneling probability. Pauli blocking effects are found to cancel in the calculation of the net (Forward-Reverse) current density. Temperature dependent Fermi Factors for each electrode are introduced and the calculation involves integration over the electron energies. Thus the energy of the tunneling electrons is not limited to the Fermi energy in this calculation. In order to convert the current densities obtained in the planar model to tunneling currents the tip and sample surfaces cannot be treated as infinite plane surfaces. Instead the tip and the sample surfaces are modelled as confocal hyperboloids, and the tip sample distance is replaced by the length of the line of force (field line). The current is found by integrating the current density over a finite area of the tip. The calculated tunnel currents for a few electrode pairs at room temperature are plotted for several values of bias voltage and tip sample distances. The effect of the curvature of the tip is also studied by repeating the calculations for various tip radii. The dependence of tunneling current on electrode temperatures is also studied. Some estimate of lateral resolution and its dependence on bias voltage and tip radius is also presented.Comment: 14 pages,19 figure

IMPLEMENTING PRACTICAL SKILLS IN A DISTANCE LEARNING OF AGRIBUSINESS STUDY PROGRAM AT UNIVERSITAS TERBUKA

Program Studi Agribisnis di Universitas Terbuka, dibentuk dengan tujuan untuk menghasilkan lulusan yang kompeten di bidang penyuluhan dan komunikasi agribisnis. Salah satu cara untuk mencapai tujuan ini adalah menyusun sebuah kurikulum yang mendorong terbentuknya hard skill dan soft skill lulusan yang relevan dengan tuntutan kompetensi program studi. Hard skill yang akan dimiliki lulusan merupakan aplikasi materi, metode serta evaluasi penyuluhan berbasis agribisnis yang nantinya akan diterapkan di lapangan, yang ditujukan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan sasarannya. Sementara softskill yang perlu dikuasai lulusan meliputi kemampuan-kamampuan berkomunikasi, bekerjasama dalam tim, kepemimpinan, dan kemampuan pemecahan masalah. Program Studi Agribisnis mengakomodasi pencapaian kompetensi tersebut dengan memasukkan beberapa mata kuliah berpraktikum di dalam kurikulumnya. Hal-hal yang dikaji dalam tulisan ini meliputi perbandingan pengelolaan penyelenggaraan praktikum antara program Penyuluhan Pertanian dan Agribisnis, termasuk kekuatan dan kelemahan masing-masing, berbagai kendala yang terjadi, serta peluang-peluang yang dapat diambil untuk memperbaiki penyelenggaraan praktikum. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan penyelenggaraan praktikum PS Agribisnis pada prinsipnya masih mengadopsi dari pengelolaan penyelenggaraan praktikum yang digunakan Program Studi D3 Penyuluhan Pertanian, dengan keterbatasan-keterbatasan yang ada. Satu hal yang perlu diupayakan ke depannya adalah terbentuknya panduan praktikum yang jelas, serta pembinaan kerja sama dengan instansi lain guna meningkatkan kualitas penyelenggaraan praktikum.   The Agribusiness Study Program at Universitas Terbuka, the Indonesian Open University, was created with the goal of producing graduates who are competent in the field of extension and communication of agribusiness. One way to achieve this goal is to create a curriculum that develops competencies in both hard and soft skills that are relevant to the professional demands of graduates. Hard skills to be acquired include the application of methods and skills of agricultural extension that will be applied in the field. Soft skills include competencies such as the ability to communicate, work in teams, leadership, and problem-solving. The Agribusiness Study program allows graduates to acquire key competencies by incorporating some practical courses in its curriculum. This presentation will describe the comparison of practical implementation of the Management between an Agricultural Extension Study Program and the Agribusiness Study Program. The topics discussed in this presentation will address the implementation of practical management skills in the Agricultural Extension and Agribusiness Study Programs, including strengths and weaknesses, various obstacles, and how the obstacles were overcome. The result of study shows that the managing of the practical implementation of PS Agribusiness basicly can be done independently as long as the equipments can be provided as the need in field

The Sea as Metaphor in Alec Derwent Hope’s “Man Friday” and Christopher Brennan’s “Each Day I See the Long Ships Coming into Port”

In both Alec Derwent Hope's and Christopher Brennan's poems, the sea is fraught with multiple meanings. Both poets play with the ideas of journey by sea, exile, isolation and home in vastly different ways. A. D. Hope infuses it with the resonances of exile, barriers, division, and finally, home. The poem begins from where Daniel Defoe leaves off his tale, taking up the story of Man Friday after he is brought by Robinson Crusoe to live in ‘England’s Desert Island’. The completely alien culture that Friday now encounters requires a massive readjustment of his mental and spiritual compass and the sea runs like an undercurrent through the entire poem even when it is not mentioned in so many words. The gradual acceptance of the way of life that is thrust upon him, his transformation (and quiet resignation) into an upper class servant and subsequent marriage and children take him farther and farther away from his memories and encase him within an artificial persona — until the day he accompanies his master to a sea port and hears the ocean’s beckoning roar after many years. The song of the ocean, the rush of memory and Friday’s response to the call of the sea crystallize in the ending of the poem. The poem not only raises issues of choice, ‘savagery’ versus ‘civilization’ and the arrogation of power over lives, it also envisions the sea as both a dividing barrier leading to exile and a welcoming bosom into the embrace of which to return is to go ‘home’. Brennan’s poem can be interpreted as addressing the very core of the Australian experience — the waves of migration from the farthest points of the earth which have shaped the culture and ethos of this continent in myriad ways. It is the sea that has conveyed the hopeful migrants hence and is invoked in terms of a cleansing — something that has ‘charmed away the old rancours’ and allowed them to see the new land with a ‘freshen’d gaze’. The poet wishes to set sail too, not to see many lands and peoples but to find a place of rest perhaps, such as what the people arriving in the long ships aspire to and will find in this new country. For them, in stark contrast to Friday’s voyage to England, the voyage does not signify exile but a coming home, a land full of promise with the potential for great happiness and peace.Aussi bien dans le poème « Vendredi » d’Alec Derwent Hope que dans « Chaque jour, je vois de longs navires accoster » de Christopher Brennan, la mer est chargée de significations multiples. De manière très différente, les deux poètes jouant avec les idées de voyage par mer, de l'exil, de l'isolement et du chez-soi. Le poème d'A.D. Hope commence au moment où Daniel Defoe termine son récit, reprenant l’histoire de Vendredi après qu’il a été emmené en Angleterre par Robinson Crusoé. La culture complètement étrangère que Vendredi rencontre exige un réajustement important de son compas mental et spirituel, et la mer coule comme un courant sous-jacent à travers tout le poème, même si elle n'est pas mentionnée dans des termes concrets. L'acceptation progressive du mode de vie qui lui est imposé, sa transformation (et sa résignation discrète) en un serviteur à la disposition de la classe supérieure et le mariage par la suite et la venue des enfants éloignent Vendredi de ses souvenirs et l'enferment dans un carcan artificiel. Un jour il accompagne son maître dans un port maritime et entend le grondement de l'océan après bien des années. Le chant de l’océan, le flot des souvenirs et la réaction de Vendredi à l’appel de la mer se cristallisent à la fin du poème. Le poème soulève des questions non seulement par rapport aux choix à effectuer, mais aussi par rapport à la « sauvagerie » contre la « civilisation » et à l’appropriation de pouvoir sur les vies. Il envisage la mer à la fois comme une barrière qui mène à l’exil que comme un giron protecteur. Y retourner signifie retrouver sa demeure. Le poème de Brennan peut être lu et interprété comme un texte qui traite du cœur même de l’expérience australienne — les vagues de migration venant des coins les plus reculés de la terre qui ont façonné de multiples façons la culture et l’ethos de ce continent. C’est la mer qui a permis aux migrants porteurs d’espoir d’être transportés ce qui est invoquée en termes de « purification », quelque chose qui a « fait disparaître les vieilles rancunes comme par magie. » C'est encore la mer qui leur a permis de voir la nouvelle terre avec un « regard frais ». Le poète veut aussi prendre le large non pas pour voir beaucoup de pays et des peuples, mais pour trouver un lieu de repos, tout comme les gens qui arrivent dans de longs navires à ce nouveau pays. A la différence du voyage de Vendredi en Angleterre, le voyage ne renvoie pas à l’exil dans ce poème, mais bien à un retour chez-soi, à une terre pleine de promesses et à de possibilités de bonheur et de paix

PENILAIAN TINGKAT KETERBACAAN MATERI MODUL MELALUI EVALUASI FORMATIF

Printed materials are the primary source in open and distance learning (ODL). In presenting the material, printed materials are divided into several sections of learning, called modules. To develop the quality of printed materials and their literacy, formative evaluation should be done. This article is aimed to analyze modules literacy through formative evaluation. The research design is a formative evaluation through qualitative approach. The research was conducted through the following steps: assessment of module literacy by one-to-one evaluation with 3 learners, and a small group evaluation with 9 learners. Object of study is Module of Training Management (contained 2 credits, divided into 6 modules) that have been revised based opinion of subject matter expert and design instructional expert. Parts that were evaluated are Module 1 and Module 5 because they are considered to be the most important parts. The findings indicated that results of one-to-one evaluation with students are module materials were understood, but it should be made clear on several parts. Explanation of the material is too long; the question phrase needs to be reduced, and the use of difficult words and foreign words should be avoided. The results of the small group evaluation are that module materials in the learning process are effectively. It's just that there are some errors: some sentences that are too long; still found difficult words; materials less attractive because less module displays images; lack of motivation for the students sentences; few pictures not clear; examples are too general not specific in agribusiness area.   Bahan ajar cetak (BAC) merupakan sumber belajar utama dalam penyelenggaran proses belajar jarak jauh di Universitas Terbuka (UT). Dalam menyajikan materi, BAC dibagi menjadi beberapa bagian pembelajaran yang disebut modul. Untuk mengembangkan BAC yang berkualitas dari segi materi dan tingkat keterbacaan, perlu dilakukan evaluasi formatif terhadap BAC yang sudah ada. Tujuan penulisan artikel adalah untuk menganalisis tingkat keterbacaan modul melalui evaluasi formatif sebagai bahan masukan untuk revisi modul. Rancangan penelitian adalah evaluasi formatif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian dilakukan melalui tahapan sebagai berikut: penilaian tingkat keterbacaan modul melalui evaluasi satu-satu dengan 3 mahasiswa; dan evaluasi oleh sekelompok kecil (9 orang) mahasiswa. Objek kajian adalah modul mata kuliah Manajemen Pelatihan yang sudah direvisi sesuai dengan pendapat pakar materi dan pakar desian instruksional, berbobot 2 sks, terbagi menjadi 6 modul. Bagian yang dievaluasi adalah modul 1 dan 5 karena dianggap sebagai dua bagian yang paling penting. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara umum materi modul dapat dimengerti, namun perlu diperjelas pada beberapa bagian, di antaranya adalah penjelasan materi terlalu panjang, kalimat pertanyaan perlu dikurangi jumlahnya, serta penggunaan kata-kata sulit dan asing perlu dihindari. Hasil evaluasi oleh sekelompok kecil mahasiswa adalah materi modul cukup efektif dalam proses pembelajaran. Hanya saja masih terdapat beberapa kelemahan, di antarnya adalah: ada beberapa kalimat yang terlalu panjang; masih ditemukan kata-kata sulit; materi modul kurang menarik karena kurang menampilkan gambar; kurangnya kalimat motivasi untuk mahasiswa; beberapa gambar tidak terlihat jelas; contoh yang diberikan terlalu umum tidak spesifik dalam bidang agribisnis

PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI TAHU DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN KARBON AKTIF BERBASIS CANGKANG DAN LUMPUR SAWIT

WASTEWATER TREATMENT of INDUSTRIAL TOFU BY USING ACTIVATED CARBON BASED ON SHELL AND SLUDGE PALM (Malati Fitri. 2016. 46 pages. 18 Tables. 47 Images. 4 appendix) The main objective of this research was to obtain activated carbon in accordance with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 06-3730-1995 used for treating wastewater industrial tofu. The method used is carbonized at a temperature of 550oC for 2 hours and activation using HCl with a time of activation for 5 hours. Variation in this research is the raw material that is shells and sludge palm and also the concentration of HCl activator yaiu 5, 10, 15, 20, 25%. Activated carbon which has the highest absorption toward iodine to be used for treating wastewater industrial tofu such as pH, TSS, COD and BOD. Activated carbon which has the highest absorption of iodine which is activated carbon from palm shells with a concentration of 25% HCl in the amount of 808.35 mg / L , water content of 1.44%, 3.20% ash content, volatile matter content of 4% and carbon moored 91.35%. From the test results of the effectiveness of activated carbon in treating wastewater industrial tofu out with dose variation activated carbon 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 grams, that 10 grams of activated carbon can reduce the value of TSS, COD and BOD are TSS decreased from 482 mg / L to 150 mg / L, COD decreased by 82.14% and amounted to 81.99% BOD, and a dose of 8 grams of activated carbon can raise the pH is value initial from 3.29 to 6