Diversité des pratiques d’intégration agriculture – élevage dans les exploitations familiales du sud de la région de Maradi (Niger) et perspectives

No AbstractMots clés: Pratiques, Intégration agriculture-élevage, Maradi, NigerKeywords: Practice, crops, livestock integration, Maradi, Nige

Lymphome Cérébral Primitif (LCP) du Sujet Immunocompétent: A Propos d’Un cas à l’Hôpital National de Niamey (HNN)

Le Lymphome Cérébral Primitif (LCP) du sujet immunocompétent est une entité rare des lymphomes Non Hodgkiniens en général et des tumeurs cérébrales en particulier. Il est caractérisé par sa sévérité clinique, mais aussi son mauvais pronostic. Nous rapportons un cas de LCP chez un sujet immunocompétent diagnostiqué au service de neurologie et pris en charge au service d’Onco-hématologie de l’Hôpital National de Niamey.   Primary Cerebral Lymphoma (PCL) of the immunocompetent subject is a rare feature of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in general and brain tumors in particular. It is characterized by its clinical severity, but also its poor prognosis. We report a case of LCP in an immunocompetent subject diagnosed in the neurology department and managed by Onco-hematology at the National Hospital of Niamey

Lymphome Cérébral Primitif (LCP) du Sujet Immunocompétent: A Propos d’Un cas à l’Hôpital National de Niamey (HNN)

Le Lymphome Cérébral Primitif (LCP) du sujet immunocompétent est une entité rare des lymphomes Non Hodgkiniens en général et des tumeurs cérébrales en particulier. Il est caractérisé par sa sévérité clinique, mais aussi son mauvais pronostic. Nous rapportons un cas de LCP chez un sujet immunocompétent diagnostiqué au service de neurologie et pris en charge au service d’Onco-hématologie de l’Hôpital National de Niamey.   Primary Cerebral Lymphoma (PCL) of the immunocompetent subject is a rare feature of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in general and brain tumors in particular. It is characterized by its clinical severity, but also its poor prognosis. We report a case of LCP in an immunocompetent subject diagnosed in the neurology department and managed by Onco-hematology at the National Hospital of Niamey

Modèle de régression optimale des traits de conformation et de la production laitière des troupeaux bovins de race kouri élevés à la station de Sayam du Niger.

Objectif : évaluer en station, la pertinence des traits de conformation traditionnellement privilégiés par les éleveurs kouri, pour l’identification des meilleures vaches laitières.Méthodologie et résultats : La production laitière et treize traits biométriques ont été évalués sur 54 vaches, de septembre 2015 à février 2016, au Centre de Multiplication de Bétail de Sayam, après six (6) mois de contrôle laitier. Il est constaté que la production laitière journalière était positivement corrélée aux traits de conformation du bassin (largeur aux ischions (r = 0.35**) et la largeur aux trochanters (r = 0.36**)), à la profondeur de poitrine (r = 0.27*), à la largeur aux poitrines (r = 0.29*) et au rapport de la largeur aux poitrines sur la largeur aux hanches (r = 0.28*). Le modèle de régression optimale de la production laitière qui s’est bien ajusté de façon hautement significative (p = 0.004) est un modèle utilisant la largeur-Trochanters et le rapport largeur- Poitrine/Largeur-hanche comme indices prévisionnels. La valeur du R carrée ajusté du modèle et de l’erreur standard des résidus étaient respectivement 0.16 et 0.43.Conclusion et perspectives : les traits biométriques intéressants, identifiés comme promoteurs dans cette étude, peuvent être inclus dans le développement de mécanismes de sélection qui peut encore être couplé à des techniques modernes de sélection. Le modèle ainsi obtenu, pourrait être utilisé pour prédire la production de lait des vaches kouri ou à des fins de sélection.Mots clés : Corrélation, modélisation, traits de conformation, production laitière, kour

Intérêt D’une Recherche De Thrombophilie Au Cours Des Thromboses De La Veine Porte Dans Un Service De Médecine Interne

Background: Many causes of portal vein thrombosis are described and most patients had a combination of local and systemic risk factors. In many studies, prtothombotic disorders investigations were conducted in various departments of haematologies and/or gastroenterology. In this study, we investigated the systemic risk factors associated or not to abdominal inflammation in a series of patients recruited in a department of Internal Medicine. Methods: We studied, retrospectively from 2005 to 2009, 21 cases of patients with portal vein thrombosis. Patients with cancer are not included in this study. Results: We reported 21 patients with portal vein thrombosis: 8 males (43%) and 13 females (57%). The average age of patients was 46, 6 years (20; 59). Eight (8) patients had abdominal inflammatory pathology and 21 (100%) patients had systemic prothrombotic factors. This etiologic investigation is rentable because in 18 cases, abdominal inflammation and/or prothombotic disorders are diagnosed. This diagnostic, however, can permit to discuss a specific management. Conclusion: Extensive investigation of prothrombotic disorders is necessary in portal vein thrombosis, although if local abdominal inflammation exist

Interet D’une Supplementation En Spiruline Chez Les Enfants Drepanocytaires Homozygotes A L’hopital National De Niamey. (Essai Clinique Randomise En Double Aveugle A Propos De 53 Cas)

Spirulina is a micro algae used for thousands of years due to its healing properties. We supplemented children suffering from sickle cell anemia in order to appreciate its impact on the anthropometrical and clinical parameters. It consisted of a randomized clinical double blind test which was carried during a period of 9 months. The study concerned 53 homozygotes children suffering from sickle cell anemia aged 6 months to 15 years. Also, they were visiting the National Hospital of Niamey for follow up. One group (28 children) received 5 g of spirulina daily, and the other group (25 children) received placebo. The aspects studied were: the number of hospitalizations and transfusions, the vaso-occlusive crisis, the body mass index, and the splenomegalia. We found that 84.90% of patients were hospitalized at least once and 45.3% of them have already been transfused. The average number of crisis has greatly decreased in the spirulina group from 2.75 before the study to 1.18 at the end of the study. This, thus, was observed when compared to 2.44 to 1.6 in the placebo group. We also noticed a decrease of the number of hospitalizations and the number of transfusions which is less important in the group supplemented with spirulina. In conclusion, this study showed that supplementation in spirulina had a significant impact on children suffering from sickle cell anemia. This is even despite the fact that the difference between the two groups is not significant in some cases

Observed long-term land cover vs climate impacts on the West African hydrological cycle: lessons for the future ? [P-3330-65]

West Africa has experienced a long lasting, severe drought as from 1970, which seems to be attenuating since 2000. It has induced major changes in living conditions and resources over the region. In the same period, marked changes of land use and land cover have been observed: land clearing for agriculture, driven by high demographic growth rates, and ecosystem evolutions driven by the rainfall deficit. Depending on the region, the combined effects of these climate and environmental changes have induced contrasted impacts on the hydrological cycle. In the Sahel, runoff and river discharges have increased despite the rainfall reduction (“less rain, more water”, the so-called "Sahelian paradox "). Soil crusting and erosion have increased the runoff capacity of the watersheds so that it outperformed the rainfall deficit. Conversely, in the more humid Guinean and Sudanian regions to the South, the opposite (and expected) “less rain, less water” behavior is observed, but the signature of land cover changes can hardly be detected in the hydrological records. These observations over the past 50 years suggest that the hydrological response to climate change can not be analyzed irrespective of other concurrent changes, and primarily ecosystem dynamics and land cover changes. There is no consensus on future rainfall trend over West Africa in IPCC projections, although a higher occurrence of extreme events (rainstorms, dry spells) is expected. An increase in the need for arable land and water resources is expected as well, driven by economic development and demographic growth. Based on past long-term observations on the AMMA-CATCH observatory, we explore in this work various future combinations of climate vs environmental drivers, and we infer the expected resulting trends on water resources, along the west African eco-climatic gradient. (Texte intégral

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p<0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p<0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised

Caractérisation et adaptation paysannes à l'inconstance des saisons des pluies dans la région de Zinder (Niger)

Ce travail explore les savoirs paysans en lien avec l'inconstance des saisons des pluies et les stratégies d'adaptation. Il vise à décrire les indicateurs utilisés par les agriculteurs dans la prédiction et la caractérisation des saisons des pluies et de leurs évolutions. Il s'appuie sur une série de données collectées dans huit communes agricoles de la région de Zinder. Dans chaque commune, 20 personnes ont été échantillonnées sur la base d'un minimum de 30 ans d'âge. Les résultats mettent en évidence l'utilisation, par les agriculteurs, des référentiels atmosphériques ou environnementaux pour prédire le début, la fin et la productivité des saisons. L'approche de la saison pluvieuse se reconnait à travers l'orientation vers l'Est de la direction des vents, l'occurrence des vents tourbillonnaires ou l'arrivée des cigognes par le Sud. La fin de la saison s'annonce par l'occurrence des nuages 'propres' appelés localement 'Hadarin kaka' ou la feuillaison du Faidherbia albida. Les paysans sont marqués par la variabilité interannuelle des saisons qui se caractérisent de nos jours par des débuts tardifs, des fins précoces, d'années très humides suivies d'années très sèches...D'autres indicateurs sont, par ailleurs, utilisés pour prédire la productivité des saisons. Ainsi, l'arrivée massive des colonies d'oiseaux et l'emplacement du nid de Oena capensis dans les parties basses des arbres sont interprétés comme des indicateurs d'une bonne saison. A l'inverse, le développement de feuillage par les parties basses des arbres et les séquences sèches intra-saisonnières sont perçus comme des mauvais présages d'une saison. L'intégration de ces savoirs constituerait un bon outil d'adhésion participative des paysans dans la gestion des risques climatiques et environnementaux