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Not AvailableThe present experiment was conducted at the Research Centre, Ranchi of the ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, during the period from June, 2015 to December, 2016 to investigate the effect of girdling and defoliation of scion shoot on the success and growth of grafts in litchi cv. Shahi. The branches were girdled (removing of 3 mm ring from branches of 40-50 mm girth) one month before the collection of scion sticks for grafting. Defoliation was performed 7 days before the collection of scionsticks. Wedge grafting was performed under shadenet with temperature ranging from 26-32°C and RH 70-80%. The graft take success and vegetative growth were markedly improved as a result of girdling and defoliation. Among the different treatments, the minimum time required for bud sprout (15.40 days), highest scion height (24.25 cm), scion girth (7.14 mm), number of sprouts per graft (2.64), sprout length (4.80 cm), number of compound leaves (8.34), rachis length (9.33 cm), leaflet length (9.37 cm), leaflet width (3.37 cm) and graft success (56.43%) were observed in girdling + defoliation treatment. Scion which had higher girth after grafting was positively correlated with the number of compound leaves, leaflet length and leaflet width. The highest graft success rate (70.83%) was recorded during July. Hence, it was concluded that girdling of branches on scion varieties, one month prior to collection of scionstick and defoliation atleast 7 days before the collection, can enhance the success rate of grafting and plant growth of grafts in litchi.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableInvestigations were undertaken at Ranchi of Jharkhand state of India to test the efficacy of mango genotypes Amrapali and Latra be used as interstocks for reducing the plant size of vigorous but popular mango varieties viz. Langra, Himsagar and Bombay Green under eastern plateau and hill conditions of India. Data on plant growth parameters during 2012-13, 2013-14 and 2014-15 indicated decrease in rate of growth of plant height, canopy spread, girth of rootstock, girth of interstock, girth of scion, average length of shoot extension growth in cultivars Himsagar and Bombay Green with interstock of Amrapali. Hence, it was concluded that mango cultivar Amrapali can be effectively used as interstock for reducing plant vigour of mango cultivars Himsagar and Bombay Green.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe common term ‘berry fruit’ includes different fruits, such as blueberry, currant, gooseberry, raspberry, and blackberry. These fruits are the richest sources of natural antioxidants. Almost all berries are non-climacteric and are considered highly perishable, being susceptible to mechanical injury during transportation, picking, and storage. The postharvest life of berries is limited to a few days and only a small percentage of these fruits can be consumed fresh. In order to minimize undesirable changes in quality attributes during the postharvest period, a series of techniques to extend the shelf life of perishable fruit can be adopted. Postharvest technology comprises different methods of harvesting, packaging, rapid cooling, storage under refrigeration, as well as modified and controlled atmospheres, and transportation under controlled conditions. This chapter will deal with various aspects of berries, viz., fruit maturation, ripening, postharvest biological factors, and causes of postharvest losses and different postharvest techniques to extend the postharvest shelf life.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe experiment was conducted on one year old pomegranate plants which consisted of eight treatment combinations comprising four fertigation levels,i.e. 75%, 100%, 125% and 150% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) and two irrigation methods, drip (DI) and hand watering (HW). The results revealed that with fertigation level 100%RDF (F ) showed maximum vegetative growth characters namely relative growth rate (RGR) of shoots on 120 day (9.7%), plant spread N-S (1.5m) and Leaf area (55.44 cm ). Meanwhile, however, maximum value of RGR of shoots at 90 day and plant spread E-W was found in F3 (150% RDF) and maximum value of plant height, LAI and minimum light interception below canopy was found in F2 (125%RDF) level of fertigation. F3 and F2 were found to be statistically at par with F1. Similarly, drip irrigation at alternate day significantly increased vegetative growth characteristics against hand watering. Among all the treatment combinations maximum plant spread N-S, leaf area, LAI and minimum light interception below canopy were found in I1F3 (DI + 150% RDF) whereas, maximum RGR of shoots at 90th and 120th day were found in I1F2 (DI + 125% RDF). I1F3 and I1F2 were found statistically to be at par with I1F1 treatment combination. The designed low-cost drip irrigation system was operated excellently as the value of field emission uniformity and absolute emission uniformity were higher than the designed criteria of 90 per cent.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableBael is a medicinal cum fruit tree with multipurpose utility and propagated mostly through seeds. It is mostly found in India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Thailand and China. Focus on collection of bael variability has increased in recent times with an aim towards their utilization as fresh or made into ‘Sharbat’, one of the most popular drinks in the Indian. Its lots of evidence have showed immense potential of nutritional and medicinal properties used in various ethnic societies. The present investigation was carried out to exploit genetic variability in bael fruits. Seventy-five genotypes were characterized for sixteen fruit traits viz. fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width, skin weight, no. of seed, seed weight, pulp weight, skin per cent, seed per cent, pulp per cent, skin thickness, fruit volume, TSS, acidity, reducing sugar and total sugars during 2015. Observations of growing seedling trees showed rich genetic variations regarding their fruit characteristics. The fruit characteristics, viz., fruit weight ranged from (315.20–1608.65 g), fruit length (81.39–173.43 mm), fruit width (89.76–136.35 mm), skin weight (88.62–358.07 g), number of seed (37.67–195.40), seed weight (7.48–54.33 g), pulp weight (201.17–1243.87 g), skin % (9.59–42.83%), seed % (0.97–7.97%), pulp % (53.72–89.33%), skin thickness (1.43–4.10 mm), volume of fruit (285.00–1555.00 cc), TSS (24.40–47.80 Brix), acidity (0.15–0.40%), reducing sugar (0.37–11.90 mg/100 g) and total sugars (7.14–20.83 mg/100 g) among the different genotypes. On the basis of overall assessment, one genotype, ICAR-RCER BS 6/1 was found to be the most promising. Based on fruit properties, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to qualitatively and quantitatively discriminate the germplasm difference. Eight principal components, which contribute 94.80% of the total variability, were selected for analysis. Biplot between PC1 and PC2 showed that genotypes namely ICARRCER BS 6/1, 18/2, 25/5, 21/1, 17/3, 26/1, 18/5, 1/11, 8/1 and 14/4 were very different from each other.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableA field experiment was conducted on two-year-old Kinnow mandarin plant to find out effect of different nitrogen sources and nitrification inhibitors on vegetative growth, physiological processes and biochemical constituents of Kinnow mandarin. There were thirteen treatments comprising four nitrogen sources, viz. ammonium sulphate (AS), calcium nitrate (CN), mixture of ammonium sulphate + calcium nitrate and urea, two nitrification inhibitor, viz. Dicyandiamide (DCD) 5% of fertilizers, meliacins (M) 0.1% of fertilizers and control. The increase in tree height was recorded significantly higher in plants treated with AS + DCD (44.05%); whereas, tree spread E-W (77.33%), tree spread N-S (66.03%), specific leaf area (123.86 cm2/g) and shoot growth rate (247.39%) was found maximum in AS + M. In the plants applied with AS + DCD registered significantly maximum values of chlorophyll (a, b and total) content, photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance. However, transpiration rate was found maximum under treatment AS + M when applied during winter and summer in split doses. Ammonium sulphate treated with DCD produced statistically highest total soluble sugar (9.22, 9.78 and 9.40% leaf fresh wt) and soluble proteins (74.80, 76.49 and 71.96 mg/g leaf dry wt) during winter, autumn and summer, respectively followed by ammonium sulphate treated with meliacins. The ammonium sulphate and urea as source of N along with nitrification inhibitor have a strong impact on growth and physio-biochemical parameters on Kinnow plants; thus, improved the performance of Kinnow plants under above natural pH soil conditions.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableA field experiment was conducted on 2-year-old Kinnow mandarin to find out effect of different nitrogen sources and nitrification inhibitors on ammonical and nitrate nitrogen distribution in Kinnow young plants during 2011-12. There were 13 treatments comprising four nitrogen sources (ammonium sulphate, calcium nitrate, mixture of ammonium sulphate and calcium nitrate and urea), two nitrification inhibitor (dicyandiamide 5% of fertilizers, meliacin 0.1% of fertilizers) and control. Recommended fertilizers dose was applied in three splits, i.e. in February, June and September. Nitrification inhibitors were mixed with different nitrogenous fertilizers before application and then applied in the field. The process of nitrification slow down when N-fertilizers (ammonium sulphate, mixture of ammonium sulphate & calcium nitrate and urea) treated with DCD and meliacins. Thus the inhibitory effect of DCD and meliacins on the nitrification process resulted in more NH4+ accumulation in soil. The concentration of NH4+-N in soil at 0-30 (44.1, 55.7, 42.7 mg kg-1 soil below drippers and 37.8, 41.9, 36.0 mg kg-1 soil at 30 cm away from drippers) and 30-60 cm depth (24.2, 20.2, 23.2 mg kg-1 soil below drippers and 20.0, 23.5, 23.6 mg kg-1 soil at 30 cm away from drippers) in all three split applications respectively, was significantly higher when ammonium sulphate followed by urea fertilizers treated with DCD than they are in alone form. Due to nitrification inhibitors, NO3- -N availability remains high on surface level, reduced NO3 - leaching and increase N fertilizer utilization efficiency in Kinnow production.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableJackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) is a nutritious crop from the Moraceae family. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the phenotypic diversity of fruit characteristics using a set of 27 standardized fruit descriptors to describe 28 jackfruit genotypes. These data were used to identify the superior jackfruit genotype that could be used for commercial cultivation. The data revealed a wide range of differences among the genotypes for all the traits studied. Cluster analysis classified the genotypes into four major groups that confirmed the wide diversity among them. Principal component analysis (PCA) also revealed that 80.22% of the variability among the jackfruit genotypes was explained by the first five principal components (PCs). Based on the overall results, the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Research Complex for Eastern Region (ICAR-RCER) JS 6/3 and 10/3 genotypes were found to be the most promising for table purposes (medium fruit size, pulp percentage >50 and total soluble solid (TSS) >20°Brix), whereas the ICAR-RCER JS 7/7 genotype with large fruit size, pulp percentage >50 and TSS >20°Brix was found to be suitable for processing. The coefficient of variation was the least for traits such as TSS (12.56%) and average seed length (13.56%). Hence, priority may also be given to the TSS and seed size when exploring promising genotypes and operating a selection procedure for crop improvement in jackfruit. The information generated under the study forms a potential baseline for fruit breeders to use in selecting genotypes with superior fruit qualities for jackfruit crop improvement programmes in the future.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableAn attempt was made at ICAR RCER, Research Centre, Ranchi to analyse the plant growth behavior, productivity of different component crops, profitability, soil fertility status and carbon sequestration potential of 20 different agri horticultural systems during young bearing stage (6th to 10th year) of mango plants. The field trial was established during the year 1999-2000 to standardize suitable filler crop and intercrop combinations for mango based agri-horticultural systems under rainfed uplands of eastern plateau and hill region. The study indicated enhanced growth of mango and filler plants with paddy as intercrop. With respect to soil fertility, reduction in the content of available nitrogen and potassium was recorded after 10 years of planting particularly under Mango + Guava + Paddy agri-horticultural system. Among all the systems, the maximum cumulative Rice equivalent yield was recorded under Mango + Guava + French Bean. During all the five years, the significantly higher REY was recorded in case of Agri-horti systems with either guava as filler crop or French bean as intercropNot Availabl