Adoption of Open Government Data for Commercial Service Innovation: an Inductive Case Study on Parking Open Data Services

City councils produce large amounts of data. As this data becomes available, and as information and communication technology capabilities are in place to manage and exploit this data, open government data is seen as becoming more and more valuable as a catalyst for service innovation and economic growth. Notwithstanding this, evidence of open data adoption is currently largely scattered and anecdotal. This is reflected in the lack of literature focusing on users of open data for commercial purposes. This research aims to address this gap and contributes to the IS open data services debate by proposing a model of factors perceived by an open data services business as the most relevant in explaining adoption of open government data for commercial service innovation in cities. Adopting an inductive reasoning approach through qualitative methods was critical to capture the complexity of the open data services ecosystem perceived by those reusing this data

Action design research: a comparison with canonical action research and design science

This research in progress paper addresses the IS issue in relation to conducting relevant research while keeping academic rigor. In particular, it contributes to the ongoing academic conversation around the investigation on how to incor-porate action in design science research. In this document the philosophical underpinnings of the recently proposed methodology called Action Design Re-search [1] are derived, outlined and integrated into Burrel and Morgan’s Par-adigmatic Framework (1979)[6]. The results so far show how Action Design Research can be considered as a particular case of Design Science Research (rather than a methodology closely related to Action Research) although they can assume two different epistemological positions. From these philosophical perspectives, future works will involve the inclusion of actual research projects using the three different methodologies. The final goal is to outline and structure the divergences and similarities of Action Design Research with Design Science Research and Canonical Action Research

SYSTEMATIC PROBLEM FORMULATION IN ACTION DESIGN RESEARCH: THE CASE OF SMART CITIES

The research project presented in this paper is being conducted in collaboration with Dublin City Council and Intel Corporation, and is focused on the development of a Smart City maturity model. This paper focuses on the research methodology that is being used for this study, i.e. Action Design Research (Sein et al. 2011). Particularly, we will describe why this recently proposed methodology is suitable for our research, in comparison with Design Science Research (March and Smith, 1995; Hevner et al. 2004) and Action Research (Baburoglu and Ravn, 1992). Furthermore, we will focus on the problem formulation stage to systematically investigate the topic. A systematic literature review based on the 8-steps method proposed in (Okoli et al. 2010) is presented to explore the factors required to evaluate the environmental and socioeconomic sustainability impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) solutions at a city level. Furthermore, Grounded Theory principles were adopted to structure the Smart City ecosystem, and identify the areas in which ICT-enabled services have an impact on the city´s social, environmental, and economical performances. \ Keywords: Action Design Research, Smart Cities, Systematic Literature Review, Grounded Theory

Open Data Diffusion for Service Innovation: An Inductive Case Study on Cultural Open Data Services

Information Systems research on Open Data has been primarily focused on its contribution to e-government inquiries, government transparency, and open government. Recently, Open Data has been explored as a catalyser for service innovation as a consequence of big claims around the potential of such initiatives in terms of additional value that can be injected into the worldwide economy. Subsequently, the Open Data Services academic conversation was structured (Lindman et al. 2013a). The research project presented in this paper is an interpretive case study that was carried out to explore the factors that influence the diffusion of Open Data for new service development. This paper contributes to this debate by providing an interpretive inductive case study (Walsham 1995) of a tourism company that successfully turned several city authorities’ raw open datasets into a set of valuable services. Results demonstrate that 16 factors and 68 related variables are the most relevant in the process of diffusion of open data for new service development. Furthermore, this paper demonstrates the suitability of Social Constructionism and interpretive case study research to inductively generate knowledge in this field

Living Labs: A Bibliometric Analysis

The objective of this study is to understand how Living Lab(s) (LL) as a concept and research approach has developed, proliferated and influenced scholarly research to date. The goal is in assisting both the LL and Action Design Research (ADR) communities in advancing both fields by establishing understanding, commonalities and challenges in advancing both research agendas. We adopt a bibliometric methodology to understand the scholarly impact, contribution and intellectual structure of LL as a new approach to innovation. We conclude with recommendations on advancing both ADR and LL fields of research, highlighting that increased cross-collaboration going forward offers clear opportunities to both fields

Contradicting Motivations in Civic Tech Software Development: Analysis of a Grassroots Project

Grassroots civic tech, or software for social change, is an emerging practice where people create and then use software to create positive change in their community. In this interpretive case study, we apply Engestr\"om's expanded activity theory as a theoretical lens to analyze motivations, how they relate to for example group goals or development tool supported processes, and what contradictions emerge. Participants agreed on big picture motivations, such as learning new skills or improving the community. The main contradictions occurred inside activity systems on details of implementation or between system motives, instead of big picture motivations. Two most significant contradictions involved planning, and converging on design and technical approaches. These findings demonstrate the value of examining civic tech development processes as evolving activity systems.Comment: Preprint, to be published in the ICSE 2023 SEIS track: https://conf.researchr.org/track/icse-2023/icse-2023-SEI

A Framework for understanding & classifying Urban Data Business Models

Governments’ objective to transition to ‘Smart Cities’ heralds new possibilities for urban data business models to address pressing city challenges and digital transformation imperatives. Urban data business models are not well understood due to such factors as the maturity of the market and limited available research within this domain. Understanding the barriers and challenges in urban data business model development as well as the types of opportunities in the ecosystem is essential for incumbents and new entrants. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to develop a framework for understanding and classifying Urban Data Business Models (UDBM). This paper uses an embedded case study method to derive the framework by analyzing 40 publicly funded and supported business model experiments that address pressing city challenges under one initiative. This research contributes to the scholarly discourse on business model innovation in the context of smart cities

Actions Lead to Results: How the Behaviors of Information Systems Professionals Influence the Success of Information Systems Departments

The growing complexity of systems, the increasing intensity of their use, and the greater prominence of technology in supporting organizational activities has meant that information systems (IS) professionals in organizations have to go beyond offering routine task-related support when working with their non-IS colleagues. For organizations to see IS professionals as effective, they have to carry out empathic behaviors such as sharing their IT knowledge with their non-IS colleagues and taking the initiative to minimize inconveniences during IS projects. Drawing from the organizational citizenship behavior concept, we develop a multilevel research model to examine how behaviors that IS professionals perform influence IS departments’ effectiveness. Using data from more than 1,000 respondents working in the global finance industry, we conducted both cross-level and unit-level analyses and found results that support our arguments. Our results deepen the extent to which we understand the role that IS professionals play in supporting post-adoption IS use and digitally empowering business units while also performing their traditional roles

Positioning living labs within action design research: preliminary findings from a systematic literature review

In recent years, Living Labs (LLs) are emerging as relevant design methodologies among IS researchers. Prior research leveraged Action Design Research (ADR) to position LLs within this discipline. Through a systematic literature review, this paper proposes the positioning of LLs’ methodologies within ADR. Based on preliminary findings of this study, we argue that, whilst LL’s offer an opportunity to advance learning in ADR in several ways, some critical divergences can be identified in the literature to-date between the two methodologies

Smart Cities and Sustainable Development, Adoption of Green IS Projects in Local Authorities

Smart city teams working in local authorities may have an important role to play in pursuing Sustainable Development Goals at local level. However, the successful adoption of their projects has been problematic. This research in progress addresses this problem by focusing on the adoption process of Green IS projects led by smart city teams in local authorities and the factors that enable or constrain that process. It presents key findings from a systematic literature review; research gaps and future research directions; a research methodology including a draft framework to guide data collection; and anticipated theoretical and practical contributions