An inventory model for a perishable and recoverable product

Some perishable products are recoverable. This type of products is further constraint by its nature which quality and acceptability degrade with time. Insufficient inventory problem leads to inventory management problem which increased inventory cost. An inventory model is developed in order to optimize inventory cost. By investigating recent development and performance in inventory of perishable product, this model introduces the concept of recoverable behavior of perishable product. The model is developed in three stages which started with conceptual model, followed by mathematical model and represented in software-based model. The final result determined whether to wait for next stock replenishment or to assign other resources to fulfill demand

A simulation-based model for determining safety inventory at a fixed-time period system

This paper develops a simulation model for determining safety inventory associated with a certain value of cycle service level in a fixed-time period system. The model takes into account actual amount of materials received from suppliers, and deviation from probability distribution of daily forecast demand. Constraints on order size are also embodied into the model. This model was constructed by using Visual Basic Application added in Microsoft Excel. After developing the model, hypotheses testing is employed to verify the model. This model allows identifying safety inventory under uncertain conditions which prohibits from the use of ordinary mathematical formula. The model was locally verified. Stochastic variables including customer demand and supplier’s lead time are assumed to be normally distributed. Independent demand items are considered and backorders are not allowed. Under specific conditions, such as distributions of demand and lead time are normally distributed, and fixed-time period system is being used. This model allows materials planner promptly identifies safety inventory associated with a certain level of cycle service level. Furthermore, planner can perceive the affects of changing input parameters on the amount of safety inventory required. There were very few researches focus on variations of demand and lead time at the same time. In reality, this case usually happens, thus the firms have been facing highly variations form both supplier and customers. Therefore, this paper intends to close this gap by simulating these factors and taken into account for determining safety inventory

Safety inventory under a periodic review system

The objective of this paper is to derive and verify a formula for calculating safety inventory that satisfies a desired cycle service level in a periodic review system. Stochastic variables, including customer demand and supplier’s lead time, are assumed to be normally distributed. Independent demand items are considered and backorders are not allowed. After deriving the formula, a computerized model simulating a periodic review system is developed by utilizing Microsoft Excel. Hypothesis testing is employed to compare the desired cycle service level with the simulated cycle service level. The result of this paper shows that there is strong agreement between the derived formula and the simulation model. In other words, the derived formula is verified. Furthermore, this simulation model also allows prompt identification of the impact of changes in inventory policy on cycle service level and inventory cost

Identifying sustainable warehouse management system indicators and proposing new weighting method

The performance of a sustainable warehouse management system is a multidimensional concept based on the triple bottom line approach. It has been a challenge to identify the key performance indicators for a sustainable warehouse management system and to develop a model for evaluating the direct and indirect indicators. In order to overcome this challenge, this paper describes a method to identify and weight indicators that assess sustainability in a sustainable warehouse management system using structural equation modeling. A comprehensive literature review has been conducted and a questionnaire survey involving experts in the field has been undertaken. A list of 33 key performance indicators for a sustainable warehouse management system has been proposed, and this can be used by policymakers to appraise the sustainability performance of a sustainable warehouse management system. The proposed robust model can weight indicators and evaluate the total effect of each indicator in incorporating sustainability in a sustainable warehouse management system. The developed method could also be applied to weighting indicators for other industries

Selection of supply chain performance measurement frameworks in electrical supply chains

Performance measurement plays an important role in today's competitive market due to its direct effect on supply chain's profitability. Many approaches have been applied for evaluating performance of firms, including financial, operational and balanced frameworks. Companies peruse to find the best fit performance measurement framework due to a variety of existing approaches. The main significance of performance framework selection is its important role in strategic decisions where many factors related to the companies' performance may be neglected. Due to the nature of electrical companies such as high uncertainty in demand, short life cycle of products and competitive market, they have to frequently assess their performance. A fit framework should be determined based on the characteristics of this competitive market. In this study, a multi criteria decision making (MCDM) approach is used to find a proper framework for performance evaluation in electrical companies. Analytical hierarchical process (AHP) has been applied to select the best performance measurement framework based on supply chain macro processes. Finally, performance metrics for the selected framework are determined

Measuring sustainable cleaner maintenance hierarchical contributions of the car manufacturing industry

Sustainable cleaner maintenance (SCM) prevents waste and pollution by cost-effectively delivering the necessary maintenance activities and at the same time safe for the human. The presented study aimed to extend cleaner and sustainability by cascading down strategic business objectives by developing a balanced, integrated, and hierarchical Sustainable Cleaner Maintenance Performance Measurement Framework (SCMPMF). This framework enables a business strategy's functional alignment levels. The initial framework consists of 78 indicators concerning eight perspectives identified upon the reviews on previous research. Fourteen indicators are classified at the corporate level, 21 indicators at the tactical level, and 43 indicators at the functional level. The validation process is conducted by sending questionnaires to 200 car manufacturing companies (with a 50.5% response rate). Nine new perspectives (cost-effectiveness, quality, productivity, resource efficiency, pollution and waste, learning and growth, health and safety, employee satisfaction, and stakeholder satisfaction) were identified with 71 indicators. The Partial Least Squares – Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) approach is applied to validate this new structure of SCMPMF. This novel framework presents two main components, i.e. sustainable cleaner initiatives and hierarchical decision levels (corporate, tactical, and functional). This study provides empirical evidence regarding the ideal hierarchical structure of SCMPMF concerning three pillars of sustainability. The framework can assist decision-makers in capturing the important factors, perspectives, and indicators relevant for measuring the SCM contribution and align them with the corporate objectives

Development of anthropometric database for ASEAN NCAP: A case study of Malaysian children aged 6 years old

With the rapid growth of human populations throughout the globe, physical characteristics of human body composition may have significant variation, particularly in height and weight. Access to this information is vital for any product development programs, especially when it comes to safety aspects; hence it is particularly important to the New Car Assessment Program for Southeast Asian Countries (ASEAN NCAP) as the champion of vehicle safety in ASEAN region. This paper aims to describe the development of anthropometric database for ASEAN NCAP. Tasks such as identification of important anthropometric parameters, methodology of measurement and data analysis are explained. A total of 42 anthropometric parameters were measured using direct measuring methods; however only 8 parameters are discussed in this paper. As a case study, a total of 143 Malaysian children aged 6 years old have participated in the anthropometric measurement activity. Statistical information including the mean, standard deviation, 5th percentile, 50th percentile and 95th percentile for each parameter for various body dimensions were tabulated. The collected data and mean of 42 parameters are utilised further for the development of digital 3D-models (using SolidWorks) of the Malaysian children aged 6 years old

Child presence detection: assessment methodology for ASEAN NCAP

The introduction of Child Presence Detection (CPD) technology under the Child Occupant Protection (COP) pillar in the New Car Assessment Programme for Southeast Asian Countries (ASEAN NCAP) Roadmap 2021-2025 should come with proper assessment methodology to evaluate the effectiveness of such technologies in a vehicle. This paper gives an overview of CPD systems and Vehicle Reminder Systems (VRS), together with their associated technologies. Most importantly, a comprehensive assessment methodology for CPD and VRS that covers the vehicle preparation, occupants’ classifications (i.e., newborn, infant and toddler), assessment procedure, scoring criteria, and implementation plan is also presented. It is hoped that this work could contribute to ASEAN NCAP Roadmap 2021-2025, and gives valuable insights to relevant stakeholders such as the vehicle manufacturers and technology providers