BIOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF CHRONIC CONSUMPTION OF MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE ON LIVER OF WISTAR ALBINO RATS

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine if there were any harmful effects of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on the liver of Wistar albino rats chronically at three different doses, namely, low, mid, and high doses equivalent to human consumption doses in developing countries. Methods: The Wistar albino rats (n=24) were divided into four groups, namely control, Low dose MSG (180 mg/kg), Mid dose MSG (360 mg/kg), and High dose MSG (720 mg/kg). At the end of the experimental period (120 days), animal blood was collected retro-orbitally to analyze the liver enzymes such as aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Total protein, Albumin, and Total Bilirubin in blood serum. Lipid profiles, namely, Triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and Total cholesterol were subjected to analysis using blood serum. Results: Significant increase (p<0.05) in AST, ALT, ALP, and total bilirubin in serum of MSG induced low, mid, and high dose groups when compared to control group were recorded. There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in LDL, decrease in HDL, increase in total cholesterol and triglycerides of MSG-induced animal groups. Conclusion: The effects of MSG on serum liver enzymes and lipid profiles in this present animal study were not severely alarming even though the dosage was chronic which opens further discussion on the controversies revolving around MSG

ANALYSIS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS MARKERS IN CHRONIC CONSUMPTION OF MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE ON LIVER OF WISTAR ALBINO RATS

Objective: The study was intended to explore whether Monosodium glutamate (MSG) induces oxidative stress on the liver of Wistar albino rats when fed chronically at three different doses, namely, low, mid, and high doses identical to human consumption doses in growing countries. Methods: The acclimatized Wistar albino rats (n=24) were randomly selected and grouped into four groups, namely Control, Low dose MSG (180 mg kg), Mid dose MSG (360 mg/kg), and High dose MSG (720 mg/kg). The animals were orally administered MSG for 120 days. After completion of the experimental period (120 days), euthanized animal liver was homogenized to investigate the oxidative stress marker enzymes such as Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), Catalase (CAT), and Myeloperoxidase (MPO). Results: The MPO showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in liver homogenate of all MSG induced groups when compared to control group. The SOD, CAT, and GPx activity deteriorated (p<0.05) in monosodium induced groups contrasting to the control group. Conclusion: The effects of MSG on oxidative stress markers on liver homogenate in the current study exhibited erratic abnormal changes in oxidative stress markers of monosodium induced groups which contemplate the harmful effects of MSG consumed chronically. The further studies should confirm the genetic basis of oxidative stress damage and transform the safety regulations of MSG consumption throughout the world