Modal mineral abundances and the differentiation trends in primitive achondrites

The mineral distribution maps of polished thin sections (PTSs) of acapulcoites (Acapulco, Allan Hills (ALH) 77081,ALH78230,Elephant Moraine (EET) 84302 and Yamato (Y)-8307) and lodranites (Gibson, MacAlpine Hills (MAC) 88177,Y-74357,Y-75274,Y-791491 and Y-8002), winonaites (Tierra Blanca, Y-74025,Y-75305 and Y-8005), silicate inclusions in IAB iron meteorites (Y-791058 and Caddo County), and an H7 chondrite (Y-75008) were made from elemental distribution maps of the electron probe microanalyzer to obtain quantitative modal abundances of minerals, and to study variations in the distributions of minerals. The trends of variations of chemical compositions of minerals were also studied. Other related meteorites, ALH81187 and ALH81261 (acapulcoites) were also studied for comparison. Textures of these meteorites are various from fine-grained recrystallized chondrite-like materials including minerals known in chondrites, to coarse-grained materials with opaque mineral grains which have complex shapes, often with large aggregates of Fe-Ni metal. The variety of modal abundances and textures of primitive achondrites suggests that heterogeneity produced by local segregation of partially melted materials on their parent bodies can explain the origin of variation of primitive achondrites. Systematic variations in the relative abundances of olivine, augite+plagioclase, and orthopyroxene shows that the plagioclase-augite-rich region of Caddo County B3A (augite+plagioclase=96.8%) can be taken as an endmember of the variations observed in other primitive achondrites. The orthopyroxene-chromite-rich region of EET84302,19 (orthopyroxene=95.1%) and Y-74357 (olivine=83.2%) are other types of segregated materials. The mechanism proposed in this paper reveals the early differentiation processes of planetesimals from primitive source materials

Comparisons of textural and chemical variations of minerals in some primitive achondrites and an H7 chondrite, with reference to their formation and cooling histories

The textures and trends of chemical variations of minerals in five acapulcoites (Acapulco, Allan Hills (ALH)-77081,ALH-78230,ALH-81187 and ALH-81261), two winonaites (Tierra Blanca and Yamato (Y)-74025) and an H7 chondrite (Y-75008) were studied for comparison to deduce their formation conditions and subsolidus cooling histories. The mineral distribution maps of polished thin sections (PTSs) of ALH-78230,Tierra Blanca, Y-74025,Y-75008,were made from elemental distribution maps of the electron probe microanalyzer to study variations in the distributions of minerals. Textures of these meteorites are fine-grained recrystallized chondrite-like materials including minerals known in chondrites. Opaque mineral grains have complex shapes, often with large aggregates of Fe-Ni metals, as was observed in Y-74025. Elongation parameters defined as L/(4πS)^ (=A), range from 1.4 to 1.6 for acapulcoites, where L is length and S is area of a grain. Despite their formation in different parent bodies, the variety of textures of primitive achondrites suggests that heterogeneity produced by local segregation of partially melted materials on their parent bodies can explain the origin of variation of primitive achondrites. CaO zoning of orthopyroxene can be attributed to the segregation and migration of Ca-rich partial melts. Mg/Fe variations of olivine can be explained by subsolidus reduction, when their parent body was disrupted or fractured by an impact while its interior was still hot

Bazedoxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, reduces cerebral aneurysm rupture in Ovariectomized rats.

BackgroundEstrogen deficiency is thought to be responsible for the higher frequency of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in post- than premenopausal women. Estrogen replacement therapy appears to reduce this risk but is associated with significant side effects. We tested our hypothesis that bazedoxifene, a clinically used selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator with fewer estrogenic side effects, reduces cerebral aneurysm rupture in a new model of ovariectomized rats.MethodsTen-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to ovariectomy, hemodynamic changes, and hypertension to induce aneurysms (ovariectomized aneurysm rats) and treated with vehicle or with 0.3 or 1.0 mg/kg/day bazedoxifene. They were compared with sham-ovariectomized rats subjected to hypertension and hemodynamic changes (HT rats). The vasoprotective effects of bazedoxifene and the mechanisms underlying its efficacy were analyzed.ResultsDuring 12 weeks of observation, the incidence of aneurysm rupture was 52% in ovariectomized rats. With no effect on the blood pressure, treatment with 0.3 or 1.0 mg/kg/day bazedoxifene lowered this rate to 11 and 17%, almost the same as in HT rats (17%). In ovariectomized rats, the mRNA level of ERα, ERβ, and the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 was downregulated in the cerebral artery prone to rupture at 5 weeks after aneurysm induction; the mRNA level of interleukin-1β and the matrix metalloproteinase-9 was upregulated. In HT rats, bazedoxifene restored the mRNA level of ERα and ERβ and decreased the level of interleukin-1β and matrix metalloproteinase-9. These findings suggest that bazedoxifene was protective against aneurysmal rupture by alleviating the vascular inflammation and degradation exacerbated by the decrease in ERα and ERβ.ConclusionsOur observation that bazedoxifene decreased the incidence of aneurysmal rupture in ovariectomized rats warrants further studies to validate this response in humans

Hyperhomocysteinemia induced by excessive methionine intake promotes rupture of cerebral aneurysms in ovariectomized rats.

BackgroundHyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is associated with inflammation and a rise in the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in the vascular wall. However, the role of HHcy in the growth and rupture of cerebral aneurysms remains unclear.MethodsThirteen-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were subject to bilateral ovariectomy and ligation of the right common carotid artery and fed an 8 % high-salt diet to induce cerebral aneurysms. Two weeks later, they underwent ligation of the bilateral posterior renal arteries. They were divided into two groups and methionine (MET) was or was not added to their drinking water. In another set of experiments, the role of folic acid (FA) against cerebral aneurysms was assessed.ResultsDuring a 12-week observation period, subarachnoid hemorrhage due to aneurysm rupture was observed at the anterior communicating artery (AcomA) or the posterior half of the circle of Willis. HHcy induced by excessive MET intake significantly increased the incidence of ruptured aneurysms at 6-8 weeks. At the AcomA of rats treated with MET, we observed the promotion of aneurysmal growth and infiltration by M1 macrophages. Furthermore, the mRNA level of MMP-9, the ratio of MMP-9 to the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2, and the level of interleukin-6 were higher in these rats. Treatment with FA abolished the effect of MET, suggesting that the inflammatory response and vascular degradation at the AcomA is attributable to HHcy due to excessive MET intake.ConclusionsWe first demonstrate that in hypertensive ovariectomized rats, HHcy induced by excessive MET intake may be associated with the propensity of the aneurysm wall to rupture

保護者が保育所に求める食育ニーズの検討

本調査では、食育プログラムの作成と実践を行うために、子どもを保育所に預ける保護者の食育ニーズを把握し、加えて、保護者の食育ニーズは、「子ども1 人」か、「きょうだいがいる」という条件によって、差異があるかどうかを把握することとした。神戸市にある保育所を利用する100 世帯を対象に、無記名自記式調査票を用いたアンケート調査を行った。回収率51% であった。　2 群で大きな有意差は見られなかったが、「きょうだいがいる」2 人以上の子どもの保護者は子育ての経験が豊富であり、食育に対する認知度も高く、経験も積んでいると見られた。それに対し、「子ども1 人」の者は食品や食生活の知識や技術の学ぶ場への参加希望が多かった。保護者が食生活についての知識や技術への興味があり、食育に対するニーズは高いことがうかがえる。この結果から、初めての子育て中の保護者には、専門職による決め細やかな支援が重要である。今後はさらに保護者の食育へのニーズを踏まえて、保育所で行っている食育の現状を把握し、食育ニーズとのマッチングを検討し、実効性のある食育プログラムに取り組んでいくことが必要と考える。The purpose of this study was to grasp the dietary education（Shokuiku）needs of parents who leave their children to kindergarten for the creation and practice of dietary education program. In addition, we decided whether parents’ dietary education needs are different by “an only child” or “two or more children”. We conducted a questionnaire survey using bearer self-record questionnaires for 100 households using a kindergarten in Kobe City. The recovery rate was 51%. There are not significant differences between the dietary education needs of one child’s parents and the dietary education needs of parents of “two or more children”. Parents who are raising two or more parents are rich in parenting experience, high awareness of food education, and inferred that they have experience. Those who were “an only child” wanted to participate in a place to learn knowledge and skills of food and eating habits. It seems that parents are interested in knowledge and skills on dietary life, and the needs for food education are high. Based on that, for parents with poor child rearing experience, professionals such as dieticiansneed to make detailed advice and food education support

アウフクレールング ワ ケイモウ カ アウフクレールング ト リセイ ノ コウキョウテキ シヨウ

18 世紀ドイツ啓蒙思想には大別して二つの潮流が存在する．「第一の啓蒙」は，言論の自由を重視し，「理性」以外のいかなる権威にも屈せず，物に光を当ててすみずみまで観察するようにあらゆる物事を「自分で」考察し理解を深め，科学的観点から真理の探究を試みるものとしての啓蒙である．「第二の啓蒙」は，出自こそ第一の啓蒙と同じだが，徐々に国民国家を形成する方向へ進展したプロイセンに特有の，端的には「官製の」ともいうべき啓蒙である．第二の啓蒙は，それまで聖職者が司っていた社会規範や教育を国家が主導すべく奪取した際に利用され，紀律的軍隊的規範の構築を助けるものとなった．第一の啓蒙は「世界」における正しさを探求し，第二の啓蒙は「国民国家」形成の足がかりとなった．この二つの啓蒙は18 世紀末のドイツにおいて併存し，両者の均衡に心を砕いた思想家も多数存在した．しかし，18 世紀最後の10 年間から19 世紀の初頭にかけて，第一の啓蒙が要請した世界市民思想や，これに連なるイマヌエル・カントの「理性の公共的使用」のような思想は「現実的ではない」として否定され，これが自国の弱体化をもたらしたとさえ考えられるようになる．さらに時代が下ると，歴史家が第一の啓蒙の意義を隠蔽するかのような議論を展開する．こうして第一の啓蒙は思想史的に埋没し忘却されていった．本論文は，最終的にイマヌエル・カントの世界市民思想に結実する「第一の啓蒙」に関する論考である．そして，ドイツ語の「アウフクレールング」を「啓蒙」と訳すことで生じる問題について考察した．日本語の「啓蒙」は「第二の啓蒙」に相当し，「第一の啓蒙」を説明する語としては適切でないためである．さらに論文の後半では，第一の啓蒙が後世の研究者によって埋葬される様子を描いた

Towards Lattice QCD Baryon Forces at the Physical Point: First Results

Lattice QCD calculations of baryon forces are performed for the first time with (almost) physical quark masses. $N_f = 2+1$ dynamical clover fermion gauge configurations are generated at the lattice spacing of $a \simeq 0.085$ fm on a $(96 a)^4 \simeq (8.2 {\rm fm})^4$ lattice with quark masses corresponding to $(m_\pi, m_K) \simeq (146, 525)$ MeV. Baryon forces are calculated using the time-dependent HAL QCD method. In this report, we study $\Xi\Xi$ and $NN$ systems both in $^1S_0$ and $^3S_1$-$^3D_1$ channels, and the results for the central and tensor forces as well as phase shifts in the $\Xi\Xi$ $(^1S_0)$ channel are presented.Comment: Talk given at the 12th International Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics (HYP2015), Sendai, Japan, 7-12 Sep 2015, 4 pages, 6 figure