Comportamentos de jovens no trânsito: um inquérito entre acadêmicos de enfermagem

Os acidentes de trânsito (AT) constituem-se em importante problema de saúde pública pela elevada morbi-mortalidade e porocasionarem altos custos sociais e econômicos. Realizou-se, portanto, um estudo epidemiológico e transversal em Goiânia,Goiás, em 2006, que teve por objetivo verificar a freqüência de comportamentos de risco que pudessem contribuir para aocorrência e gravidade de AT entre jovens universitários. A amostra constou de 310 acadêmicos do curso de Enfermagem daUniversidade Católica de Goiás, com mediana de idade de 20 anos, predominantemente do gênero feminino, cor branca e declasse social média. Cerca de 80% dos alunos relataram hábito de dirigir. Destes, 52.2% dirigem sem habilitação. Apenas73.2% responderam que sempre utilizam cinto de segurança como condutores. Aproximadamente 37% relataramenvolvimento em acidentes de trânsito. Falta de atenção (69%), desrespeito à sinalização (27.8%) e excesso de velocidade(27%) foram os fatores que contribuíram para ocorrência ou gravidade do acidente. Um significativo percentual departicipantes dirige na contramão, faz ultrapassagem proibida e ultrapassa o limite de velocidade. Ressalta-se que olevantamento das características comportamentais no trânsito entre indivíduos jovens possibilita a criação e aprimoramentode estratégias que podem reduzir a ocorrência, gravidade e conseqüências deste tipo de acidente

Comportamentos de jovens no trânsito: um inquérito entre acadêmicos de enfermagem

Os acidentes de trânsito (AT) constituem-se em importante problema de saúde pública pela elevada morbi-mortalidade e por ocasionarem altos custos sociais e econômicos. Realizou-se, portanto, um estudo epidemiológico e transversal em Goiânia, Goiás, em 2006, que teve por objetivo verificar a freqüência de comportamentos de risco que pudessem contribuir para a ocorrência e gravidade de AT entre jovens universitários. A amostra constou de 310 acadêmicos do curso de Enfermagem da Universidade Católica de Goiás, com mediana de idade de 20 anos, predominantemente do gênero feminino, cor branca e de classe social média. Cerca de 80% dos alunos relataram hábito de dirigir. Destes, 52.2% dirigem sem habilitação. Apenas 73.2% responderam que sempre utilizam cinto de segurança como condutores. Aproximadamente 37% relataram envolvimento em acidentes de trânsito. Falta de atenção (69%), desrespeito à sinalização (27.8%) e excesso de velocidade (27%) foram os fatores que contribuíram para ocorrência ou gravidade do acidente. Um significativo percentual de participantes dirige na contramão, faz ultrapassagem proibida e ultrapassa o limite de velocidade. Ressalta-se que o levantamento das características comportamentais no trânsito entre indivíduos jovens possibilita a criação e aprimoramento de estratégias que podem reduzir a ocorrência, gravidade e conseqüências deste tipo de acidente

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

TRATAMENTO FISIOTERAPÃ?UTICO DAS ALTERAÃ?Ã?ES MUSCULOESQUELÃ?TICAS EM PACIENTES COM HEMOFILIA

Resumo: o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão sobre as principais alterações musculoesqueléticas e os principais recursos e técnicas fisioterapêuticas utilizados em pacientes com hemofilia. O tratamento fisioterapêutico consiste na aplicação de técnicas e recursos terapêuticos, com a finalidade de prevenir e tratar seus sintomas a fim de aumentar a funcionalidade nos portadores de hemofilia e evitar que as complicações desta doença progridam para as indicações cirúrgicas. Palavras-chave: Hemofilia. Reabilitação. Fisioterapia. Exercício

Recovery of Cardiac Remodeling and Dysmetabolism by Pancreatic Islet Injury Improvement in Diabetic Rats after Yacon Leaf Extract Treatment

Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) is a native Andean plant rich in phenolic compounds, and its effects on dysmetabolism and cardiomyopathy in diabetic rats was evaluated. The rats (10/group) were allocated as follows: C, controls; C + Y, controls treated with Yacon leaf extract (YLE); DM, diabetic controls; and DM + Y, diabetic rats treated with YLE. Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) was induced by the administration of streptozotocin (STZ; 40 mg−1/kg body weight, single dose, i.p.), and treated groups received 100 mg/kg body weight YLE daily via gavage for 30 d. The YLE group shows an improvement in dysmetabolism and cardiomyopathy in the diabetic condition (DM versus DM + Y) promoting a significant reduction of glycemia by 63.39%, an increase in insulin concentration by 49.30%, and a decrease in serum triacylglycerol and fatty acid contents by 0.39- and 0.43-fold, respectively, by ameliorating the pancreatic islet injury, as well as increasing the activity of the antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase) and decreasing the fibrosis and cellular disorganization in cardiac tissue. The apparent benefits of YLE seem to be mediated by ameliorating dysmetabolism and oxidative stress in pancreatic and cardiac tissues

Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Bixa orellana and Its Component Ellagic Acid Exert Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Properties against Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. massiliense

Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. massiliense (Mabs) causes chronic infections, which has led to the need for new antimycobacterial agents. In this study, we investigated the antimycobacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethyl acetate fraction of Bixa orellana leaves (BoEA) and ellagic acid (ElAc). In silico analysis predicted that ElAc had low toxicity, was not mutagenic or carcinogenic, and had antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. Apparently, ElAc can interact with COX2 and Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) enzymes, which could explain both activities. In vitro analysis showed that BoEA and ElAc exerted antimicrobial activity against Mabs (minimum inhibitory concentration of 1.56, 1.56 mg/mL and bactericidal concentration of 6.25, 3.12 mg/mL, respectively. Clarithromycin showed MIC and MBC of 1 and 6 µg/mL). Treatment with BoEA or ElAc increased survival of Tenebrio molitor larvae after lethal infection with Mabs and reduced carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice, around 40% of edema volume after the fourth hour, similarly to diclofenac. In conclusion, BoEA and ElAc exert antimicrobial effects against Mabs and have anti-inflammatory effects, making them potential sources of antimycobacterial drugs. The biological activities of ElAc may be due to its high binding affinities predicted for COX2 and DHFR enzymes