Desempenho de bezerras leiteiras alimentadas com concentrado inicial contendo sais de ácidos orgânicos ou monesina.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da inclusão de butirato de sódio, monensina sódica e propionato de cálcio no concentrado inicial sobre o desempenho de bezerras leiteiras antes e após o desaleitamento. Vinte e quatro bezerras Holandesas recém-nascidas foram alocadas em abrigos individuais até a décima semana de vida tendo livre acesso à água, alimentadas com 4L de leite/dia, em duas refeições, sendo bloqueadas em função do peso ao nascer a um dos tratamentos, de acordo com o aditivo no concentrado: 1)Butirato de sódio (0,15%); 2)Monensina sódica (30 ppm); 3)Propionato de cálcio (0,15%). Durante 10 semanas os animais receberam concentrado inicial até 2 kg/d e receberam também feno de capim-coast-cross à vontade após o desaleitamento. Semanalmente, os animais foram pesados e avaliados quanto à altura da cernelha, largura do traseiro e perímetro torácico. Não foram observados efeitos significativos entre os tratamentos para o consumo de concentrado e de feno, peso vivo e ganho de peso diário dos animais (P>0,05), entretanto foram observados efeitos de idade (P0,05). A inclusão dos aditivos resultou em desempenho satisfatório de bezerras leiteiras antes e após o desaleitamento. A monensina sódica pode ser substituída por sais de ácidos orgânicos sem prejuízo ao desempenho de bezerros

Estratégias de planejamento a partir do diagnóstico rápido participativo e da análise SWOT: um estudo na comunidade de São Bento, Salinopólis - PA.

A preocupação com o envolvimento das comunidades locais no desenvolvimento assumiu destaque nos estudos científicos, em especial, nas ciências sociais nas últimas décadas. Este artigo tem por objetivo propor estratégias que possam gerar ocupação e renda na comunidade de São Bento, no Município de Sanilópolis, no Estado do Pará, a partir das constatações da própria comunidade. O estudo aplicado, exploratório e descritivo, adotou abordagem qualitativa e utilizou técnicas de Diagnóstico Rápido Participativo (DRP), para coletar informações e análise SWOT para sistematizar os resultados do trabalho de campo. Participaram dos 19 grupos de trabalho, 53 entrevistados, caracterizando uma amostragem não probabilística por acessibilidade. Os resultados da pesquisa indicaram seis estratégias principais capazes de contribuir para a melhoria das condições de vida na região. Observa-se que engajar a comunidade no planejamento pode fundamentar ações de cidadania, contribuindo para uma realidade local mais justa, participativa e com visão de futuro

Landscape complexity analysis based on texture patterns and satellite image for a São Paulo's Cerrado site.

We analysed the spatial heterogeneity complexity of Cerrado vegetation of São Paulo. Spatial heterogeneity was obtained by quantity texture patterns on ASTER images for Jataí Ecological Station (JES; Luiz Antônio ‐ SP) conservation unit. Two hillsides of JES where cerradão physiognomy was present were analyzed, and for each of them we sampled three positions: base, medium and top. Vertical structure and canopy cover density varied along hillsides. For each site, we extracted the texture pattern for two spatial scales (150x150m and 75x75m). Spatial complexity were estimated by two landscape metrics, both based on informational entropy: a) maximum entropy (H/Hmax), in which high values of complexity are assigned to patterns more disordered; and b) convex function of entropy (LMC), which attribute high values of complexity to patterns situated in intermediate range between order and disorder. Comparing different sites of the same hillside, both metrics had identical results in relation to greatest and smallest values of complexity. In hillside 1, the top side showed greater values. In these area, the cerradão shows high trees with less density of canopy in comparison to others sites of this hillside, which provides more spatial heterogeneity. For the smaller values of complexity, there was difference in comparison of analyzed extensions in hillside 1: for 150 x 150m spatial scale, was attributed medium hillside site to smaller values of complexity; for 75 x 75m, the base had the smallest values. However, the value of complexity of medium and low hillsides for the same spatial extension were very close. In hillside 2, on the base of site, which shows a cerradão with shorter trees and lesser canopy cover density in relation to others sites of hillside, texture patterns had highest values of complexity for both entropy measures. The most homogeneity site, located in medium position of hillside and with presence of high trees and canopy density, smallest values were recorded. Based on our findings we can concluded that there is a tendency of sites situated in the top and in the base of hillside showed great values of complexity, while sites located in medium hillside tend to be less complex in terms of spatial heterogeneity. Also, for local scale, the canopy density is more relevant than tree vertical structure on determining the complexity of texture patterns of vegetation

Toward Improving Safety in Neurosurgery with an Active Handheld Instrument

Microsurgical procedures, such as petroclival meningioma resection, require careful surgical actions in order to remove tumor tissue, while avoiding brain and vessel damaging. Such procedures are currently performed under microscope magnification. Robotic tools are emerging in order to filter surgeons’ unintended movements and prevent tools from entering forbidden regions such as vascular structures. The present work investigates the use of a handheld robotic tool (Micron) to automate vessel avoidance in microsurgery. In particular, we focused on vessel segmentation, implementing a deep-learning-based segmentation strategy in microscopy images, and its integration with a feature-based passive 3D reconstruction algorithm to obtain accurate and robust vessel position. We then implemented a virtual-fixture-based strategy to control the handheld robotic tool and perform vessel avoidance. Clay vascular phantoms, lying on a background obtained from microscopy images recorded during petroclival meningioma surgery, were used for testing the segmentation and control algorithms. When testing the segmentation algorithm on 100 different phantom images, a median Dice similarity coefficient equal to 0.96 was achieved. A set of 25 Micron trials of 80 s in duration, each involving the interaction of Micron with a different vascular phantom, were recorded, with a safety distance equal to 2 mm, which was comparable to the median vessel diameter. Micron’s tip entered the forbidden region 24% of the time when the control algorithm was active. However, the median penetration depth was 16.9 μm, which was two orders of magnitude lower than median vessel diameter. Results suggest the system can assist surgeons in performing safe vessel avoidance during neurosurgical procedures