The reliability of the anterior pelvic plane for computer navigated acetabular component placement during total hip arthroplasty: Prospective study with the EOS imaging system

Introduction Computer navigated total hip arthroplasty is mostly based on the use of the anterior pelvic plane (APP) as a reference. EOS is a new imaging system that provides three-dimensional analysis of the pelvis in a functional position with a low dose of radiation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the APP for placement of the cup during computer navigated THA using EOS. Hypothesis The reliability of the APP is limited for the placement of the acetabular cup during computer navigated THA. Materials and methods This was a prospective monocentric study using the EOS imaging system evaluating 44 patients in the standing position three months after computer navigated THA (Orthopilot™). Reproducibility of EOS measurements were analyzed using SterEOS software and the reliability of the navigation data for the position of the cup were assessed. Results Intra and interobserver reproducibility of the measurements of the orientation of the cup by EOS were good with correlation coefficients above 93% and 95% and confidence intervals of less than ± 5°. Mean cup inclination and anteversion were 41.3° and 20.9° and 44.3° and 29.5° respectively in operatively and post-operatively. The differences between measurements of operative cup inclination using computer assisted navigation and the post-operative EOS measurements were significant (P < 0.05) with a correlation coefficient of less than 40%. Discussion Our study confirms the lack of precision of the APP as a reference for positioning of the acetabular component, especially in relation to anteversion. Although for many years the APP was considered to be a global reference, in fact, it is subject to significant inter-individual variations and variations during changes in position. These factors, associated with the difficulty of determining the preoperative APP, explain the lack of reliability of this reference. Preoperative evaluation of the orientation of APP by EOS and its integration into the navigation system could help the operator position these components

Comparison of modified Hackethal bundle nailing versus anterograde nailing for fixation of surgical neck fractures of the humerus: Retrospective study of 105 cases

AbstractIntroductionIntramedullary fixation of displaced surgical neck fractures of the humerus can be performed either by retrograde pinning or anterograde nailing. The goal of the current study was to compare the postoperative reduction and stability obtained with these two techniques.HypothesisIntramedullary nailing will provide the best reduction and stabilization of these fractures.Patients and methodsThis was a multicenter retrospective study that included patients with sub-tuberosity fractures with or without greater tuberosity fragment. These patients were treated either by retrograde Hackethal type pinning (group 1) or Telegraph anterograde nailing (group 2). To be included, patients needed to have A/P and lateral X-rays that had been taken before the surgery, immediately post-operative, between four and six weeks post-operative, and at the last follow-up. The outcomes were head angulation, translation and greater tuberosity position.ResultsOne hundred and five patients (40 retrograde pinning and 65 anterograde nailing) with an average age of 69 years (18–97 years) were included. The pre-operative fracture displacement was similar between the two groups. After the surgery, the A/P head angulation had been corrected in 72.5% of patients in group 1 and 84% in group 2 (no significant difference). Translation was still present in 17.5% of patients in group 1 and 1.5% in group 2 (P<0.05). At the last follow-up, union was achieved without residual angulation on lateral X-rays in 71% of patients in group 1 and 88% in group 2 (P<0.05). The fractures had healed with residual translation is 19.5% of patients in group 1 and 3% in group 2 (P<0.05).Discussion and conclusionIn cases of displaced surgical neck fractures with or without a greater tuberosity fragment, anterograde nailing provides better reduction and stability than retrograde pinning. However, fixation of the greater tuberosity fragment must be improved.Level of evidenceIV (retrospective comparative study)

Quantification vectorielle en réseau de points D5 pour un codeur audio bas délai en sous-bandes

Une nouvelle méthode de codage des signaux audio génériques est présentée, à un débit de 64 kbit/s dans la bande de fréquence 20-15000 Hz, avec un faible délai. Cette méthode se base sur un codage en sous-bandes associé au LD-CELP ainsi qu'à des bancs de filtres cascadés. Des travaux initiaux [1] montrent que, lorsqu'un débit de 16 kbit/s est alloué à chaque sous-bande, la qualité audio n'est pas satisfaisante. Nous proposons un nouvel algorithme basé sur la quantification en réseau de points afin de pallier la complexité de la quantification vectorielle statistique. La souplesse du système permet d'effectuer une allocation binaire dynamique dans chaque sous-bande. Des résultats expérimentaux sont présentés et évaluent la validité de la méthode proposée

Mac Cune-Albright syndrome. Answer to the e-quid “Painful lameness in a child”

International audienc

Nitrogen deficiency increases basal branching and modifies visual quality of the rose bushes

Rosebush architecture resulting from the spatial organisation of the plant axes induces plant shape and consequently within ornamental horticulture context, its visual quality and commercial value. This architecture can be modulated by environmental conditions, particularly in the horticulture context in which the possibilities to control growing conditions are numerous. The objectives of the study were to determine, in young rose bushes, (1) whether short periods of nitrogen deficiency affect branching and (2) whether this effect is sufficient to modify the visual quality of the plant in a sustainable manner. Between vegetative bud burst and the petal colour visible stage of the generated primary branch, young rooted cuttings of bush rose (cv Radrazz) were subjected to one of three nitrogen regimes: (1) no nitrogen deficiency, (2) continuous nitrogen deficiency, i.e. 35 days of N deficiency, and (3) nitrogen deficiency restricted to the flowering stages, i.e. 18 days of N deficiency. After the petal colour visible stage, all three groups of plants were supplied continuously with nitrogen. We observed the morphology of the axes and the kinetics of axillary bud burst. Twelve weeks after the petal colour visible stage, the visual quality of the rose bushes was evaluated by an expert jury. We found that nitrogen deficiencies (1) increased bud burst ratios in the medial and basal zones of the primary branch, (2) delayed the bud burst in the apical zone of the primary branch and (3) had long-term effects on plant visual quality. The continuous nitrogen deficiency regime produced flatter, more asymmetric and less vigorous rose bushes than the no nitrogen deficiency regime. By contrast, nitrogen deficiency during the flowering stages only resulted in more symmetric, taller and more vigorous rose bushes than the no nitrogen deficiency regime. Based on these results, the role of nitrogen on bud burst was discussed and candidate processes at the origin of the visual quality modification were suggested. This new approach combining ecophysiology and sensory assessment of ornamental plants enabled the identification of some early architecture components to be correlated with later visual quality characteristics and then to better target the physiological processes of interest

Assessment of the visual quality of ornamental plants: Comparison of three methodologies in the case of the rosebush

The quality of ornamental plants can be appraised with several types of criteria: tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, development potentialities and aesthetics. This last criterion, aesthetic quality, is specific to ornamental plants and objective measurements are required. Three methodologies for measuring aesthetic quality have been proposed. The first involves classical measurements of morphological features, such as flower number and diameter or leaf size. The second is based on sensory methods recently adapted to ornamental plants. The third, used by the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) for distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) tests, is based on morphological characteristics calibrated on specific reference varieties. The aim of this work was to compare these three methodologies for assessing some flowering and foliage characteristics of rosebushes. Six plants from 10 rose varieties identified by UPOV as reference varieties were cultivated for two years in a greenhouse and outdoors in Angers, France. They were measured and photographed weekly during flowering. Photographs of the plants in full bloom were submitted to a panel of judges for sensory assessment. The results of the three assessment methodologies were compared. Sensory and morphometric measurements were highly correlated and sensory measurements confirmed UPOV scales, whereas some morphometric measures diverged slightly from UPOV scales. We discuss the advantages, disadvantages and complementarity of these three methodologies

494 MONOLAYER EXPANSION MODALITIES INFLUENCES 3D CHONDROGENIC DIFFERENTIATION OF HUMAN MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS SEEDED IN COLLAGEN SPONGES

n/

Coordinated developement of the architecture of the primary shoot in bush rose

The development of the architecture of ornamental bushes needs to be explicitly described because it defines both their visual appearance and their interface with the environment. The aim of this work was to describe the dynamics of organ development in the primary shoot of rose bushes and their coordination. Rosa hybrida L. \u27Radrazz\u27 was grown in a glasshouse in two seasons. Internodes and leaflets were measured frequently and elongation curves were fitted to a linear-plateau model. The number of leaflets per leaf displayed clear patterns of organization along the shoot. Allometric relationships linked all leaf dimensions to terminal leaflet length. The differences in internode length between successive phytomers resulted from differences in the extension rate and the duration of extension. Conversely, the differences in the terminal leaflet size resulted almost solely from differences in extension rate. Internodes and terminal leaflets extensions were closely coordinated. This work provides the basic elements for establishing a virtual plant model

Temporary water restriction or light intensity limitation promotes branching in rose bush

Plant branching, which results from axillary bud burst, governs plant architectural development, shape and visual quality. Bud burst is known to be sensitive to environmental conditions, including long-term changes in water status or light intensity. However, little is known about the effects of temporary water or light intensity constraints. We therefore studied the impact of temporary water restriction or light limitation on the branching and development of rose bush axes. Rooted cuttings of Rosa hybrida ‘Radrazz’ were grown until the secondary axes had ceased to elongate, in a greenhouse for water experiment and in growth chambers for light experiment. During the water experiment, the irrigation threshold was maintained at −8 kPa to ensure that water was not limiting until the primary axis reached the floral bud visible stage. Plants were then subjected to water restriction for 0, 7, 14, 21 or 35 days, with an irrigation threshold of −26 kPa. They were then returned to the initial conditions and grown without water constraint until the end of the experiment. During the light experiment, plants subjected to light limitation were illuminated with low-intensity light (91 μmol m−2 s−1) from cutting bud burst until the floral bud visible stage (16 days), or to the petal color visible stage (27 days). Plants were then placed at high light intensity (580 μmol m−2 s−1). Control plants were maintained continuously in high-light intensity conditions. We found that, during constraint, a similar number (water restriction) or fewer (light limitation) buds burst than in control plants. When constraints were released, bud burst rapidly increased to levels +41–54% higher than those of control plants for water-restricted plants and +34–45% higher than those of control plants for light-limited plants. Excess bud burst occurred in the median zone of the primary axis. Flowering shoot number was 35% and 22% higher than control levels in plants subjected to 16 and 27 days of light limitation, respectively. Water limitation did not increase the number of flowering shoots despite the increase in bud burst it induced, due to an increase in the number of blind shoots. Overall, our findings show, for the first time, that temporary water or light restrictions promote the branching and development of rose bush axes. We suggest that sugar metabolism and hormonal regulation may be involved in stimulating branching after the release of these two types of constraint