The effect of some spices extracts on the oxidative stability of Yayik butter

The effects of ethyl acetate extracts of some spices on Yayik butter stability were investigated. All extracts were individually incorporated to butter at the levels of 0.2 and 0.5 %. For comparison, a positive control (0.01 % t-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole; BHA) and a non additive-negative control were also prepared and tested. The butter samples were stored at 5 and 25 degrees C for both 120 days. The antioxidant activities of clove, thyme, rosemary, ginger and sumac extracts were similar to the activity of BHA in butter. Free fatty acid values of butter samples fortified by ethyl acetate extracts of cumin, sumac, rosemary, clove, sage and thyme were significantly lower than the values of negative control sample; whereas these fortified samples showed similar values to that of positive control sample. The antioxidative effects of extracts were more evident when the samples were stored at 25 degrees C. Sumac extract showed significant positive effects on storage stability of butter regarding both lower peroxide and thiobarbituric acid values. Cinnamon and sumac extracts brought the most preferred aroma in butter samples stored at 5 and 25 degrees C

Phenolic compounds of Origanum sipyleum L. extract, and its antioxidant and antibacterial activities

The flowers of Origanum sipyleum L., which is an endemic species in Turkey, are traditionally used as a beverage and medicinal tea. The extract was analyzed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography The main phenolic compounds of O. sipyleurn contained 6.81 +/- 1.95, 3.94 +/- 1.65, 6.78 +/- 1.53, 6.71 +/- 1.01, 4.95 +/- 3.30, 870.22 +/- 82.66, 19.47 +/- 1.77 and 1017.33 +/- 93.06 mg/100 g herb of apigenin, caffeic acid, carvacrol (phenolic monoterpene), hesperidin, naringenin, rosmarinic acid, rutin and vitexin, respectively. However acecetin, apigenin 7-glucoside, carnosic acid, eriodictyol, gallic acid, genistin, luteolin and naringin were not determined. In this study, the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of O. sipyleurn extract were determined, and their phenolics identified. Total phenolics, scavenging of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and the antioxidant capacity by the formation of phosphomolybdenum complex of the extract were determined. The phenolic content was 226.66 +/- 1.18 mg gallic acid equivalents/g in the dried extract. At 100-ppm concentration, the DPPH radical scavenging activity of extract was 73.98 +/- 2.66%. The antioxidant capacity of the extract was 335.33 +/- 2.87 mg/g. This extract was investigated for its antibacterial activity by using agar diffusion method against 15 species of bacteria. Statistical differences within the bacteria were significant at P < 0.05. The extract was effective against all the bacteria tested, except for Yersinia enterocolitica

Phenolic compounds of Origanum sipyleum L. extract, and its antioxidant and antibacterial activities

The flowers of Origanum sipyleum L., which is an endemic species in Turkey, are traditionally used as a beverage and medicinal tea. The extract was analyzed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography The main phenolic compounds of O. sipyleurn contained 6.81 +/- 1.95, 3.94 +/- 1.65, 6.78 +/- 1.53, 6.71 +/- 1.01, 4.95 +/- 3.30, 870.22 +/- 82.66, 19.47 +/- 1.77 and 1017.33 +/- 93.06 mg/100 g herb of apigenin, caffeic acid, carvacrol (phenolic monoterpene), hesperidin, naringenin, rosmarinic acid, rutin and vitexin, respectively. However acecetin, apigenin 7-glucoside, carnosic acid, eriodictyol, gallic acid, genistin, luteolin and naringin were not determined. In this study, the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of O. sipyleurn extract were determined, and their phenolics identified. Total phenolics, scavenging of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and the antioxidant capacity by the formation of phosphomolybdenum complex of the extract were determined. The phenolic content was 226.66 +/- 1.18 mg gallic acid equivalents/g in the dried extract. At 100-ppm concentration, the DPPH radical scavenging activity of extract was 73.98 +/- 2.66%. The antioxidant capacity of the extract was 335.33 +/- 2.87 mg/g. This extract was investigated for its antibacterial activity by using agar diffusion method against 15 species of bacteria. Statistical differences within the bacteria were significant at P < 0.05. The extract was effective against all the bacteria tested, except for Yersinia enterocolitica

Characterization of cord blood CD3(+)TCRV alpha 7.2(+)CD161(high) T and innate lymphoid cells in the pregnancies with gestational diabetes, morbidly adherent placenta, and pregnancy hypertension diseases

Problem Although pregnant women with gestational diabetes (GD), morbidly adherent placenta (MAP), and pregnancy hypertension (pHT) diseases lead to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), little is known about their effect on mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) and innate lymphoid cells (ILC) in the umbilical cord. This study aimed to quantify and characterize MAIT cells and ILCs in the cord blood of pregnant women with GD, MAP, and pHT diseases. Method of study Cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) were isolated by Ficoll-Paque gradient. CD3(+)TCRV alpha 7.2(+)CD161(high) cells and ILC subsets were quantified by flow cytometry. CBMCs were stimulated with PMA/Ionomycin and Golgi Plug for 4 h and stained for IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and granzyme B. The stained cells were analyzed on FACS ARIA III. Results Compared with healthy pregnancies, in the cord blood of the pHT group, elevated number of lymphocytes was observed. Moreover, the absolute number of IFN-gamma producing CD4(+) or CD4(-) subsets of CD3(+)TCRV alpha 7.2(+)CD161(high) cells as well as those producing granzyme B were significantly elevated in the pHT group compared to healthy controls suggesting increased MAIT cell activity in the pHT cord blood. Similarly, in the MAP group, the absolute number of total CD3(+)TCRV alpha 7.2(+)CD161(high) cells, but not individual CD4(+) or negative subsets, were significantly increased compared with healthy controls' cord blood. Absolute numbers of total CD3(+)TCRV alpha 7.2(+)CD161(high) cells and their subsets were comparable in the cord blood of the GD group compared with healthy controls. Finally, the absolute number of total ILCs and ILC3 subset were significantly elevated in only pHT cord blood compared with healthy controls. Our data also reveal that IFN-gamma(+) or granzyme B+ cell numbers negatively correlated with fetal birth weight. Conclusions CD3(+)TCRV alpha 7.2(+)CD161(high) cells and ILCs show unique expansion and activity in the cord blood of pregnant women with distinct diseases causing IUGR and may play roles in fetal growth restriction

Effect of various food processing and handling methods on preservation of natural antioxidants in fruits and vegetables

Bioactive compounds from plant sources are generally categorized as natural antioxidants with well-known health benefits. The health-promoting characteristics of natural antioxidants include anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and hepatic effects as well as free radical scavenging. Herein, a comprehensive and comparative review are presented about the effects of conventional (thermal and mechanical) and relatively new (non-thermal) processing methods on phytochemicals and discussed the importance of implementing the use of those methods that could be of very helpful retaining the quality of the bioactive compounds in plant-based foods. Plant-based foods rich in phenolics, vitamin C, carotenoids, and other compounds undergo a range of processing operations before they are consumed. Most of these methods involve thermal treatments of fruits, stems, leaves, and roots. These techniques have varying effects on bioactive compounds and their activities, and the magnitude of these effects depends on process parameters such as temperature, time, and the food matrix. Thermal processing can be detrimental to bioactive compounds while nonthermal procedures may not cause significant deterioration of important health-promoting phytochemicals and in some cases can improve their bio-activity and bio-availability. The detrimental effects of conventional processing on the quality of natural antioxidants have been compared to the effects of innovative nonthermal food treatments such as gamma and ultraviolet irradiation, ultraviolet light, pulsed electric fields, and high hydrostatic pressure

Genetic Deficiency and Biochemical Inhibition of ITK Affect Human Th17, Treg, and Innate Lymphoid Cells

Purpose Interleukin-2-inducible T cell kinase (ITK) is an important mediator of T cell receptor signaling. Loss of function mutations in ITK results in hypogammaglobulinemia and CD4+ T cell loss in humans, and the patients often present with EBV-associated B cell lymphoproliferative syndrome. Itk-deficient mice show loss of T cell naivety, impaired cytolytic activity of CD8+ T cells, and defects in CD4+ T cell lineage choice decisions. In mice, Itk mutations were shown to affect Th17-Treg lineage choice in favor of the latter. In this study, we explored whether human ITK reciprocally regulates Th17-Treg balance as its murine ortholog

Determination of lead, cadmium and arsenic in infusion tea cultivated in north of Iran

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Tea is one of the most common drinks in all over the world. Rapid urbanization and industrialization in recent decades has increased heavy metals in tea and other foods. In this research, heavy metal contents such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) were determined in 105 black tea samples cultivated in Guilan and Mazandaran Provinces in north of Iran and their tea infusions. The amount of heavy metals in black tea infusions were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP - AES).</p> <p>The mean ± SD level of Pb in 5, 15 and 60 min in infusion tea samples were 0.802 ± 0.633, 0.993 ± 0.667 and 1.367 ± 1.06 mg/kg of tea dry weight, respectively. The mean level of Cd in 5, 15 and 60 min in infusion tea samples were 0.135 ± 0.274, 0.244 ± 0.46 and 0.343 ± 0.473 mg/kg of tea dry weight, respectively. The mean level of As in 5, 15 and 60 min in infusion tea samples were 0.277 ± 0.272, 0.426 ± 0.402 and 0.563 ± 0.454 mg/kg of tea dry weight, respectively. Also, the results showed that the locations and the infusion times influenced upon the amount of these metals (P < 0.05).</p

CD137 deficiency causes immune dysregulation with predisposition to lymphomagenesis

Dysregulated immune responses are essential underlying causes of a plethora of pathologies including cancer, autoimmunity, and immunodeficiency. We here investigated 4 patients from unrelated families presenting with immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, and malignancy. We identified 4 distinct homozygous mutations in TNFRSF9 encoding the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member CD137/4-1BB, leading to reduced, or loss of, protein expression. Lymphocytic responses crucial for immune surveillance, including activation, proliferation, and differentiation, were impaired. Genetic reconstitution of CD137 reversed these defects. CD137 deficiency is a novel inborn error of human immunity characterized by lymphocytic defects with early-onset Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated lymphoma. Our findings elucidate a functional role and relevance of CD137 in human immune homeostasis and antitumor responses