Characterization of smart MARFOS NiTi shape memory alloys

In the present study, structural characterization of NiTi smart shape memory al-loys (SMAs), produced by an alternative powder metallurgy approach named mechanically ac-tivated reactive forging (MARFOS), was carried out by means of transmission electron micros-copy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was observed that MARFOS materials had a multiphase nanocrystalline structure. In addition, the transformation behaviour associated with the shape memory effect of the MARFOS aged mate-rials was studied with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Multiple-step martensitic trans-formations could be observed in aged materials

Nonconventional production technologies for NiTi shape memory alloys

The development of new production technologies for NiTi Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) is always challenging. Recently, we introduced two powder metallurgical (PM) processing routes involving mechanical activation of elemental powder mixtures and densification through extrusion or forging. Those processes were named Mechanically Activated Reactive Extrusion Synthesis (MARES) and Mechanically Activated Reactive FOrging Synthesis (MARFOS). Heat treatments were performed in order to adjust the B2-NiTi matrix composition, yielding a microstructure consisting of a homogeneous dispersion of Ni4Ti3 precipitates embedded in nanocrystalline B2-NiTi matrix. In the present study, we demonstrate the viability of those PM processes for producing NiTi SMAs. With insitu X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry it is shown that B2-NiTi matrix undergo a B2« R«B19 two-step phase transformatio

Does codetermination affect the composition of variable versus fixed parts of executive compensation?

Contrary to previous literature we hypothesize that interests of labor may well – like that of shareholders – aim at securing the long-run survival of the firm. Consequently, employee representatives on the supervisory board could well have an interest in increasing incentive-based compensation to avoid excessive risk taking and short-run orientated decisions. We compile unique panel data on executive compensation over the periods 2006 to 2011 for 405 listed companies and use a Hausman-Taylor approach to estimate the effect of codetermination on the compensation design. Finally, codetermination has a significantly positive effect on performance-based components of compensation, which supports our hypothesis

Positional Cues in the Drosophila Nerve Cord: Semaphorins Pattern the Dorso-Ventral Axis

Positional cues target sensory axons to appropriate volumes of the developing nervous system independently of their synaptic partners

Midline Signalling Systems Direct the Formation of a Neural Map by Dendritic Targeting in the Drosophila Motor System

During embryonic development of the motor system of Drosophila, motorneurons target their dendrites to different regions along the body axis in response to midline guidance cues

Combinatorial Activation and Repression by Seven Transcription Factors Specify Drosophila Odorant Receptor Expression

A systematic analysis reveals a regulatory network controlling selective odorant receptor expression and neuronal diversity in Drosophila

Equity Ownership Strategy in Greenfield Investments : Influences of Host Country Infrastructure and MNE Resources in Emerging Markets

This chapter addresses equity ownership strategy in greenfield investments by multinational enterprises (MNEs) in the emerging markets (EMs). It is one of the few studies to hypothesize and analyze influences of host EM physical infrastructure in relation to investment decisions of MNEs. We use resource dependence theory (RDT) as a theoretical basis and test the moderating effects of firm resources like size and host country investment experience. Moreover, the current study assumes a more nuanced approach to studying equity ownership by analyzing wholly owned subsidiaries versus joint ventures (JVs) and including majority versus minority JVs in the analysis as well. The empirical results based on greenfield investments undertaken by Nordic (Danish, Finnish, Norwegian, and Swedish) MNEs in EMs during 1990–2015 reveals the importance of host country physical infrastructure for high equity ownership strategy. Moreover, host country investment experience moderates the effect of physical infrastructure on equity ownership strategy. Finally, the analysis of a sub-sample of greenfield JVs reveals that determinants of equity ownership strategy differ somewhat between greenfield JV or greenfield wholly owned subsidiaries (WOS).© The Author(s) 2019.fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed