Standardized Pearson type 3 density function area tables

Tables constituting extension of similar tables published in 1936 are presented in report form. Single and triple parameter gamma functions are discussed. Report tables should interest persons concerned with development and use of numerical analysis and evaluation methods

Optical Properties of Crystals with Spatial Dispersion: Josephson Plasma Resonance in Layered Superconductors

We derive the transmission coefficient, $T(\omega)$, for grazing incidence of crystals with spatial dispersion accounting for the excitation of multiple modes with different wave vectors ${\bf k}$ for a given frequency $\omega$. The generalization of the Fresnel formulas contains the refraction indices of these modes as determined by the dielectric function $\epsilon(\omega,{\bf k})$. Near frequencies $\omega_e$, where the group velocity vanishes, $T(\omega)$ depends also on an additional parameter determined by the crystal microstructure. The transmission $T$ is significantly suppressed, if one of the excited modes is decaying into the crystal. We derive these features microscopically for the Josephson plasma resonance in layered superconductors.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, epl.cls style file, minor change

When the sun never sets: diverse activity rhythms under continuous daylight in free-living arctic-breeding birds

Circadian clocks are centrally involved in the regulation of daily behavioural and physiological processes. These clocks are synchronized to the 24-hour day by external cues (Zeitgeber), the most important of which is the light-dark cycle. In polar environments, however, the strength of the Zeitgeber is greatly reduced around the summer and winter solstices (continuous daylight or continuous darkness). How animals time their behaviour under such conditions has rarely been studied in the wild. Using a radio-telemetry-based system, we investigated daily activity rhythms under continuous daylight in Barrow, Alaska, throughout the breeding season in four bird species that differ in mating system and parental behaviour. We find substantial diversity in daily activity rhythms depending on species, sex and breeding stage. Individuals exhibited either robust, entrained 24-hour activity cycles, were continuously active (arrhythmic), or showed “free-running” activity cycles. In semipalmated sandpipers, a shorebird with biparental incubation, we show that the free-running rhythm is synchronized between pair mates. The diversity of diel time-keeping under continuous daylight emphasizes the plasticity of the circadian system and the importance of the social and life-history context. Our results support the idea that circadian behaviour can be adaptively modified to enable species-specific time-keeping under polar conditions

The Impact of Exposure to the Thin Ideal on Chocolate Cravings in U.S. -born Women

Food cravings are experienced by a large proportion of the population and have a variety of negative implications- including overweight/ obesity, heart disease, and type 2 diabetes. Prior research has shown a lack of support for biological causes of craving. As such, we look to other factors such as culture, cognition, and sex, to explore why such factors have an influence on craving. The purpose of this study is to look at the impact of viewing thin ideal images on chocolate cravings in United States born women-including (but not restricted to) their reports of ambivalence towards chocolate. Participants were randomized to view a slideshow containing images of either shoes or women fitting the ‘thin ideal’ (both conjunction with chocolate imagery) which is valued in the U.S. Participants in both conditions were also exposed to sensory chocolate cues, in the form of a craving induction and a taste test. We assessed the cognitive factors of mood, craving intensity, different aspects of the craving experience, and the behavioral factor of dietary restraint. We predicted that women in the condition exposed to thin ideal imagery in conjunction with chocolate cues would experience more ambivalence, and as a result have stronger cravings for chocolate. Our results showed a statistically non- significant, but still interesting, increase in feelings of desire to eat chocolate and increase in fear of losing control while eating in those exposed to the thin ideal. There was also a significant inverse correlation between ratings of sweet craving intensity and amount of chocolates taken home from the lab. Results support our hypothesis that women who view this imagery experience feelings of ambivalence towards chocolate

A Grief Intervention for Early Perinatal Loss

Early pregnancy loss has a multidimensional effect on patients, touching the body, soul, and spirit. This project addresses patients’ lack of spiritual and emotional support following early pregnancy loss, commonly called a miscarriage. The available research on the emotional impact of early pregnancy loss has grown stronger over the last three decades. However, there is a deficit of research exploring the spiritual implications of miscarriage and how faith is used as a coping mechanism for pregnancy grief. In modern culture, the term spirituality can mean many different things. With this awareness, Mercy Healthcare embraces and supports patients wherever they find themselves spiritually. As a faith-based institution, Mercy acknowledges the importance of spirituality and personal faith in the healing process. When supporting early pregnancy loss at Mercy Springfield, the Pastoral Services department has a definitive standard of care. Nevertheless, a lack of vital ongoing support is unavailable for patients who desire additional assistance in their grief. This study creates an intervention to support the grief of early pregnancy loss patients through an eight-week phenomenological review considering individual life and faith stories. This project, led by a professionally trained chaplain, applied both qualifiable and quantifiable research techniques using patient and stakeholder surveys and the project leader’s observational data. It investigates whether further understanding one’s life stories and faith experiences can promote quality patient care in their grieving process. The project will also provide additional resources to promote awareness and support of the spiritual aspects of miscarriage grief. In addition, this study will serve as a guide to further evaluate quality patient care offered by Pastoral Services at Mercy Springfield

The Effects of Administrative Uses of Computer Assisted Telecommunications on School Attendance

The purpose of the study is to determine if students who were called with a computer assisted dialing device would have a better attendance record than students who were not called. One hundred and fifty students from three East Tennessee schools were chosen at the beginning of the 1986-1987 school year to serve as the control group. At the end of the 1986-1987 school year another 150 students were selected from the same three schools who had been called with the computer dialing device. Students were compared based on their attendance record for the entire eight month period. Using the t test for independent samples, it was determined that students who were called with the computer device had a better attendance record than students who were not called. Boys who were called showed a significant difference when compared with boys who were not called. Girls who were called showed a significant difference when compared with girls who were not called. Lower socio-economic students called with the computer device showed a significant difference when compared with lower socio-economic students who were not called. Higher socio-economic students called with the computer device showed a significant difference in attendance when compared with lower socio-economic students who were not called. Higher socio-economic students called with the computer device showed a significant difference in attendance when compared with higher socio-economic students who were not called. Black students called with the computer dialing device had a better attendance record than white students who were not called. Black students who were called with the computer device showed no significant difference when compared with black students who were not called. White students called with the computer device showed a significant difference in attendance when compared with white students who were not called. Black students called with the computer device showed a significant difference in attendance when compared with white students who were also called. Conclusions of the study emphasize the need for daily contact with the parents of students who are absent from school. A list of students with excessive absences the previous year should be targeted for a series of interventions to assure consistent school attendance. (Abstract shortened with permission of author.

The Effects of Administrative Uses of Computer Assisted Telecommunications on School Attendance

The purpose of the study is to determine if students who were called with a computer assisted dialing device would have a better attendance record than students who were not called. One hundred and fifty students from three East Tennessee schools were chosen at the beginning of the 1986-1987 school year to serve as the control group. At the end of the 1986-1987 school year another 150 students were selected from the same three schools who had been called with the computer dialing device. Students were compared based on their attendance record for the entire eight month period. Using the t test for independent samples, it was determined that students who were called with the computer device had a better attendance record than students who were not called. Boys who were called showed a significant difference when compared with boys who were not called. Girls who were called showed a significant difference when compared with girls who were not called. Lower socio-economic students called with the computer device showed a significant difference when compared with lower socio-economic students who were not called. Higher socio-economic students called with the computer device showed a significant difference in attendance when compared with lower socio-economic students who were not called. Higher socio-economic students called with the computer device showed a significant difference in attendance when compared with higher socio-economic students who were not called. Black students called with the computer dialing device had a better attendance record than white students who were not called. Black students who were called with the computer device showed no significant difference when compared with black students who were not called. White students called with the computer device showed a significant difference in attendance when compared with white students who were not called. Black students called with the computer device showed a significant difference in attendance when compared with white students who were also called. Conclusions of the study emphasize the need for daily contact with the parents of students who are absent from school. A list of students with excessive absences the previous year should be targeted for a series of interventions to assure consistent school attendance. (Abstract shortened with permission of author.