Raman spectral studies of solutions of alkali metal perchlorates in dimethyl sulfoxide and water

Raman spectra of solutions of alkali metal perchlorates in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in the Cl-O, C-S, and S=O stretching regions, as well as of perchlorates in aqueous solutions in the Cl-O stretching region are reported. The results are discussed in terms of half-bandwidths, relative intensities, and depolarization ratios. For H2O the half-bandwidth of the Cl-O stretching band at ~935 cm-1 is almost double the value in DMSO solutions. Solutions of perchlorates in DMSO show two symmetric bands in the Cl-O stretching region, whereas in aqueous solutions only one band is observed. The half-bandwidths in perchlorate solutions in DMSO for the C-S stretching band increase with increase in concentration of perchlorate compared to that of liquid DMSO. The band contours in the S=O stretching region in DMSO solutions also show significant changes. These observations are explained on the basis of formation of ion pairs of metal perchlorates in solutions of DMSO and ion hydrates in the case of aqueous solutions

Reduction in Acidity of RDX and its Compositions by Use of Suitable Additives

Calcium Silicate and Zinc Stearate have been used as additives to reduce the acidity of RDX and RDX/TNT compositions. They have been found to be effective in reducing the acidity of RDX/TNT compositions but ineffective for RDX alone. An explanation to this effect has been provided

Social Work and Sexual Harassment

Ninety-seven members of the Kentucky chapter of National Association of Social Workers were surveyed about their knowledge of and experience with sexual harassment in their work places. Fifty-one percent knew of sexual harassment of female social workers and 18% knew of similar harassment of male workers. Twenty-six percent had themselves been victims of sexual harassment. Verbal harassment was the most common followed by a combination of verbal and physical harassment in the form of sexy jokes and unwanted touching. A majority of the victims resorted to either avoidance, defusion, or reason in dealing with their harassers. Young workers from small agencies with few years of employment viewed the problem of sexual harassment as serious. A majority of respondents, irrespective of their gender and education, were ignorant of the provisions of the Civil Rights law pertaining to sexual harassment. Implications of the findings for social work are discussed

Median Nerve Palsy following Elastic Stable Intramedullary Nailing of a Monteggia Fracture: An Unusual Case and Review of the Literature

Monteggia fractures are rare in children, and subtle radial head dislocations, with minor plastic deformation of the ulna, may be missed in up to a third of cases. Complications of Monteggia fractures-dislocations include persistent radial head dislocation, forearm deformity, elbow stiffness, and nerve palsies at the time of presentation. An unusual case of median nerve palsy following elastic stable intramedullary nailing of a type I Monteggia lesion in a 6-year-old girl is presented, and we highlight that, although most nerve palsies associated with a Monteggia fracture-dislocations are treated expectantly in children, early intervention here probably provided the best outcome

Raman spectral studies of solutions of alkali metal perchlorates in dimethyl sulfoxide and water

This paper is dedicated to Professor Camille Sandorfy on the occasion of his 65th birthday M. I. S. SASTRY and SURJIT SINGH. Can. J. Chem. 63, 1351 (1985. Raman spectra of solutions of alkali metal perchlorates in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in the CI-0, C-S, and S=O stretching regions, as well as of perchlorates in aqueous solutions in the C1-0 stretching region are reported. The results are discussed in terms of half-bandwidths, relative intensities, and depolarization ratios. For H20 the half-bandwidth of the Cl-0 stretching band at -935 cm-' is almost double the value in DMSO solutions. Solutions of perchlorates in DMSO show two symmetric bands in the C1-0 stretching region, whereas in aqueous solutions only one band is observed. The half-bandwidths in perchlorate solutions in DMSO for the C-S stretching band increase with increase in concentration of perchlorate compared to that of liquid DMSO. The band contours in the S=O stretching region in DMSO solutions also show significant changes. These observations are explained on the basis of formation of ion pairs of metal perchlorates in solutions of DMSO and ion hydrates in the case of aqueous solutions. M. I. S. SASTRY et SURJIT SINGH. Can. J. Chem. 63, 1351 (1985. On rapporte les spectres Raman de perchlorates de mCtaux alcalins en solution dans le dimCthylsulfoxyde (DMSO) dans les rCgions d'Clongation du C1-0, du C-S et du S=O ainsi que ceux de solutions aqueuses de perchlorates dans Ia rCgion d'klongation du C1-0. On discute des rCsultats en fonction de la largeur a mi-hauteur des bandes, des intensitks relatives et des rapports de dCpolarisation. Dans l'eau, la largeur a mi-hauteur de la bande d'elongation du C1-0 935 cm-' est h peu prks le double de la valeur dans le DMSO. Les solutions de perchlorate dans le DMSO montrent deux bandes symCtriques dans la rCgion d'klongation du C1-0 alors qu'on n'en observe qu'une seule en solution aqueuse. La largeur mi-hauteur de la bande d'klongation du C-S des solutions de perchlorate dans le DMSO augmente avec une augmentation de la concentration de perchlorate par rapport a celle du DMSO liquide. Les contours des bandes dans la rkgion d'klongation du S=O dans les solutions de DMSO changent d'une f a~o n importante. On explique ces observations par la formation de paires d'ions dans les perchlorates mCtalliques en solution dans le DMSO et par la formation d'hydrate d'ions dans le cas de solutions aqueuses. [Traduit par le journal] Introduction C10, (aq) and C10, (aq) is that the ClOb (aq) is less strongly In the past two decades vibrational spectral studies of electrolytes have attracted considerable attention. Several reports (1-13) on this subject have appeared, dealing with various aspects of aqueous and nonaqueous solutions of electrolytes, molten salts, effect on solvent vibrational bands in aqueous and non-aqueous solutions of electrolytes, etc. While studying the vibrational spectra of solutions of electrolytes several effects, such as ion solvation, ion association, as well as the effect of dissolved electrolytes on the vibrational spectra of the solvent bands, are considered. Ionic and molecular associates found i

Force field for planar vibrations of urea: use of CNDO/Force MO calculations

Symmetry force field calculations have been performed for the planar vibrations of urea using CNDO/Force method. The CNDO/Force calculations predict well the signs and the magnitudes of bending and interaction force constants; the stretching force constants are found to be higher in magnitude. The bending and interaction constants obtained from these calculations and the stretching force constants obtained from the literature are considered for the initial force field. Using the observed frequencies for urea and its isotopic analogues, urea-D4, urea-15N2, urea-15N2D4 and urea-18O in the solid as well as in the solution phases, the force field is refined by carrying out iterations over the diagonal force constants. In the final stages of the refinement iterations are carried out over all the force constants keeping the signs of the interaction constants unchanged. It is found that the agreement between the calculated and the observed frequencies is excellent. The final force fields in terms of symmetry as well as redundancy free internal valence coordinates are reported. On the basis of the potential energy distribution the vibrational assignments are discusse

Raman spectral studies on the structure of acetonitrile and its solutions with electrolytes and nonelectrolytes

Raman spectra of acetonitrile is reported in its solutions with carbon tetrachloride, water, methanol, dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and some electrolytes in C≡N stretching as well as in CH3 stretching regions. Vibrational correlation functions are computed for the CH3 stretching mode for varying concentrations of solutions. The vibrational relaxation times evaluated are also reported for these systems. It is found that association of acetonitrile through dipolar interactions is accompanied by an increase in intensity and a decrease in the frequency of C≡N band, whereas interactions through hydrogen bonding are accompanied by a decrease in intensity and increse in frequency. In the case of hydrogen bonding through methanol and also interactions through cations, new bands on the high frequency side appear, which are assigned to the complexed C≡N stretching bands. The CH3 vibrational relaxation times are found to decrease on dilution for aqueous solutions of acetonitrile, whereas an increase in the vibrational relaxation times is found in the solutions of acetonitrile in CCl4. In the case of solutions of electrolytes in acetonitrile, the vibrational relaxation times decrease with increasing concentration of electrolyte. The results are explained on the basis of the effect of complexation of C≡N on the CH3 group

The proteasome cap RPT5/Rpt5p subunit prevents aggregation of unfolded ricin A chain

The plant cytotoxin ricin enters mammalian cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis, undergoing retrograde transport to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where its catalytic A chain (RTA) is reductively separated from the holotoxin to enter the cytosol and inactivate ribosomes. The currently accepted model is that the bulk of ER-dislocated RTA is degraded by proteasomes. We show here that the proteasome has a more complex role in ricin intoxication than previously recognised, that the previously reported increase in sensitivity of mammalian cells to ricin in the presence of proteasome inhibitors simply reflects toxicity of the inhibitors themselves, and that RTA is a very poor substrate for proteasomal degradation. Denatured RTA and casein compete for a binding site on the regulatory particle of the 26S proteasome, but their fates differ. Casein is degraded, but the mammalian 26S proteasome AAA-ATPase subunit RPT5 acts as a chaperone that prevents aggregation of denatured RTA and stimulates recovery of catalytic RTA activity in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo, the ATPase activity of Rpt5p is required for maximal toxicity of RTA dislocated from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ER. Our results implicate RPT5/Rpt5p in the triage of substrates in which either activation (folding) or inactivation (degradation) pathways may be initiated

Topical corticosteroid therapy: clobetasol propionate 0.025%

Topical corticosteroids have been the cornerstone of treatment over the last six decades for various dermatoses characterized by dry, scaly, crusted, or erythematous skin as well as those associated with inflammation and pruritus. The potency of a topical steroid depends on the specific molecule, the amount of drug reaching the target, absorption through the skin (0.25%–3%), and the formulation. Clobetasol propionate (CP) 0.025% cream formulation is a potent, fifth-generation topical corticosteroid. It is approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration to be applied twice daily for the treatment of moderate-to–severe psoriasis in adults. This case series covers the clinical experience of various dermatologists, including their expert opinion on the safety and efficacy of ImpoyzTM (CP) cream 0.025% in different skin disorders