O conceito de criação de territórios de desenvolvimento socioeconômico avançado

The article is devoted to the development of the concept of creation and functioning of the advanced socio-economic development territories. The relevance of the study is due to the need to develop the theoretical aspects of creating a new development institution in view of the lack of consensus between theorists and practitioners regarding both the need for a special form of a special territory and the mechanisms for achieving the goals. The hypothesis of the study is that the space of basic features, within which the formation of the advanced socio-economic development territories should be considered, can be structured on the basis of the dichotomous method.On the basis of diagnostics of indicators (2011-2016) of the socio-economic development of monocities and Far Eastern territories that have received the status of territories with a special mode of introducing entrepreneurial activity, and analysis of Russian legislation, national and foreign experience of territorial development, the authors constructed a problematic field for the creation of advanced socio-economic development in the form of a system of basic variables. The proposed conceptual model is designed to focus attention on the elaboration of the theoretical foundation for the creation of advanced socio-economic development territories, to limit and rationally optimize the process of their creation and functioning so that the government officials receive an effective mechanism for structuring the main stages of the state project implementation on creating a territory with a special introduction mode of business activities.El artículo está dedicado al desarrollo del concepto de creación y funcionamiento de los territorios de desarrollo socioeconómico avanzado. La relevancia del estudio se debe a la necesidad de desarrollar los aspectos teóricos de la creación de una nueva institución de desarrollo en vista de la falta de consenso entre los teóricos y los profesionales con respecto a la necesidad de una forma especial de territorio especial y los mecanismos para lograr las metas. La hipótesis del estudio es que el espacio de características básicas, dentro del cual debe considerarse la formación de territorios de desarrollo socioeconómico avanzado, puede estructurarse sobre la base del método dicotómico.Sobre la base del diagnóstico de los indicadores (2011-2016) del desarrollo socioeconómico de las ciudades y territorios del Lejano Oriente que han recibido el estatus de territorios con un modo especial de introducción de actividades empresariales, y análisis de la legislación rusa, experiencia nacional y extranjera. De desarrollo territorial, los autores construyeron un campo problemático para la creación de un desarrollo socioeconómico avanzado en forma de un sistema de variables básicas. El modelo conceptual propuesto está diseñado para centrar la atención en la elaboración de los fundamentos teóricos para la creación de territorios de desarrollo socioeconómico avanzado, para limitar y optimizar racionalmente el proceso de su creación y funcionamiento para que los funcionarios del gobierno reciban un mecanismo eficaz para estructurar las etapas principales de la implementación del proyecto estatal para crear un territorio con un modo especial de introducción de actividades comerciales.O artigo é dedicado ao desenvolvimento do conceito de criação e funcionamento dos territórios avançados de desenvolvimento socioeconômico. A relevância do estudo deve-se à necessidade de desenvolver os aspectos teóricos da criação de uma nova instituição de desenvolvimento, tendo em vista a falta de consenso entre teóricos e profissionais sobre a necessidade de uma forma especial de território especial e os mecanismos para alcançar a objetivos. A hipótese do estudo é que o espaço das características básicas, dentro do qual a formação dos territórios avançados de desenvolvimento socioeconômico deve ser considerado, pode ser estruturado com base no método dicotômico.Com base no diagnóstico de indicadores (2011-2016) do desenvolvimento socioeconômico de monocidades e territórios do Extremo Oriente que receberam o status de territórios com um modo especial de introduzir a atividade empreendedora, e análise da legislação russa, experiência nacional e estrangeira do desenvolvimento territorial, os autores construíram um campo problemático para a criação de desenvolvimento socioeconômico avançado na forma de um sistema de variáveis básicas. O modelo conceitual proposto visa chamar a atenção para a elaboração dos fundamentos teóricos para a criação de territórios avançados de desenvolvimento socioeconômico, para limitar e racionalizar o processo de sua criação e funcionamento, para que os funcionários públicos recebam um mecanismo efetivo de estruturação. as principais etapas da implementação do projeto estadual na criação de um território com um modo especial de introdução de atividades empresariais

O conceito e os meios de controle de processos de aglomeração

Within this article, we considered the theoretical and empirical approaches to the understanding of agglomeration processes, highlighted the main foreign and domestic paradigms for classifying territories as agglomerations, as well as studied the works of the authors who first introduced the concept of “agglomeration”. It has been found that the foreign authors most often interpret the concept according to geographical, administrative and economic approaches, while the domestic literature uses an economic-geographical appr oach. At the same time, the formation of agglomerations is based on the development potential of territories, and the agglomeration processes actively influence the factors of a territory development.At the present stage of development of agglomerations abroad, the potential and effectiveness of the agglomeration processes based on the benchmarking research are being actively studied. At the same time, foreign scientists identify various aspects for controlling the agglomeration development process. The article highlights the problem of the lack of the agglomeration development concept in Russia at the federation level, which hampers the development of relevant documents at the regional and territorial levels. The development of this concept is proposed to begin with the scheme of regulatory and legal support for the agglomeration development. There are three interrelated stages in the proposed scheme: the development of a specific agglomeration development strategy, the creation of a scheme for its territorial planning, the formation of a comprehensive investment program for agglomeration.En este artículo, consideramos los enfoques teóricos y empíricos para la comprensión de los procesos de aglomeración, destacamos los principales paradigmas extranjeros y nacionales para clasificar los territorios como aglomeraciones, y estudiamos los trabajos de los autores que introdujeron por primera vez el concepto de "aglomeración". Se ha encontrado que los autores extranjeros a menudo interpretan el concepto de acuerdo con los enfoques geográficos, administrativos y económicos, mientras que la literatura nacional utiliza un enfoque económico-geográfico. Al mismo tiempo, la formación de aglomeraciones se basa en el potencial de desarrollo de los territorios, y los procesos de aglomeración influyen activamente en los factores del desarrollo de un territorio.En la etapa actual del desarrollo de aglomeraciones en el extranjero, se están estudiando activamente el potencial y la eficacia de los procesos de aglomeración basados en la investigación de evaluación comparativa. Al mismo tiempo, científicos extranjeros identifican varios aspectos para controlar el proceso de desarrollo de la aglomeración. El artículo destaca el problema de la falta del concepto de desarrollo de aglomeración en Rusia a nivel de federación, lo que dificulta el desarrollo de documentos relevantes a nivel regional y territorial. Se propone el desarrollo de este concepto para comenzar con el esquema de apoyo legal y regulatorio para el desarrollo de la aglomeración. Hay tres etapas interrelacionadas en el esquema propuesto: el desarrollo de una estrategia específica de desarrollo de aglomeración, la creación de un esquema para su planificación territorial, la formación de un programa de inversión integral para la aglomeración.Dentro deste artigo, consideramos as abordagens teóricas e empíricas para a compreensão dos processos de aglomeração, destacamos os principais paradigmas nacionais e estrangeiros para classificar os territórios como aglomerações, bem como estudamos os trabalhos dos autores que primeiro introduziram o conceito de “aglomeração”. Verificou-se que os autores estrangeiros interpretam mais frequentemente o conceito de acordo com abordagens geográficas, administrativas e econômicas, enquanto a literatura nacional utiliza uma abordagem econômico-geográfica. Ao mesmo tempo, a formação de aglomerações baseia-se no potencial de desenvolvimento dos territórios, e os processos de aglomeração influenciam ativamente os fatores de desenvolvimento de um território.No estágio atual de desenvolvimento de aglomerações no exterior, o potencial e a eficácia dos processos de aglomeração baseados na pesquisa de benchmarking estão sendo ativamente estudados. Ao mesmo tempo, cientistas estrangeiros identificam vários aspectos para controlar o processo de desenvolvimento da aglomeração. O artigo destaca o problema da falta do conceito de desenvolvimento da aglomeração na Rússia no nível da federação, o que dificulta o desenvolvimento de documentos relevantes nos níveis regional e territorial. O desenvolvimento deste conceito é proposto para começar com o esquema de apoio regulatório e legal para o desenvolvimento da aglomeração. Há três estágios inter-relacionados no esquema proposto: o desenvolvimento de uma estratégia específica de desenvolvimento de aglomeração, a criação de um esquema para seu planejamento territorial, a formação de um programa abrangente de investimento para aglomeração

RNase T1 mimicking artificial ribonuclease

Recently, artificial ribonucleases (aRNases)—conjugates of oligodeoxyribonucleotides and peptide (LR)4-G-amide—were designed and assessed in terms of the activity and specificity of RNA cleavage. The conjugates were shown to cleave RNA at Pyr-A and G–X sequences. Variations of oligonucleotide length and sequence, peptide and linker structure led to the development of conjugates exhibiting G–X cleavage specificity only. The most efficient catalyst is built of nonadeoxyribonucleotide of unique sequence and peptide (LR)4-G-NH2 connected by the linker of three abasic deoxyribonucleotides (conjugate pep-9). Investigation of the cleavage specificity of conjugate pep-9 showed that the compound is the first single-stranded guanine-specific aRNase, which mimics RNase T1. Rate enhancement of RNA cleavage at G–X linkages catalysed by pep-9 is 108 compared to non-catalysed reaction, pep-9 cleaves these linkages only 105-fold less efficiently than RNase T1 (kcat_RNase T1/kcat_pep-9 = 105)

ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНАЯ АПРОБАЦИЯ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ ДЛЯ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ТОЧНОСТЬЮ МЕХАНИЧЕСКОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ

Provision of machining accuracy is a relevant objective in technology of mechanical engineering and its solution allows to guarantee an operational accuracy of mechanisms and machines, their wear resistance, reliability and durability. In order to solve the given task a method has been proposed in the paper that permits to ensure the highest machining accuracy margin on the basis of multiple-factor optimization of parameters for technological process while using methods of artificial intelligence. To ensure the machining accuracy by point tools, an intellectual system has been developed and it is based on technologies of functional semantic networks. For revealing correctness of SEMANTIC intellectual system operation an experimental inspection of its working capacity has been carried out in the paper. The paper contains description of the methodology for In article the technique of experimental investigations and their purpose is to make a comparative analysis of actual errors in opening machining with the machining errors predicted by the SEMANTIC system on the basis of functional semantic network application. The investigations have made it possible to determine dependences of axial misalignment in the machined openings on tool advance and its rotation frequency while making openings by high-speed steel drills. The paper presents analysis results of limiting and probable values for components of a total machining error. It has been shown that while making assessment of machining accuracy it is necessary to consider probabilistic nature of occurrence of total error components that are setting upper boundary as it is realized in the described intellectual system. The semantic network permits to compare errors in arrangement of opening axes which are machined in accordance with admissible drill advance and rotation frequency and corresponding experimental values. The experimental investigations prove the possibility to use an approach for forecasting a total machining error which is based on application of functional semantic network technology. Обеспечение точности механической обработки – актуальная задача технологии машиностроения, решение которой позволяет гарантировать точность работы механизмов и машин, их износостойкость, надежность и долговечность. Для выполнения данной задачи предложен способ, позволяющий создать наибольший запас точности обработки на основе многофакторной оптимизации параметров технологического процесса с использованием методов искусственного интеллекта. С целью обеспечения точности обработки концевыми инструментами разработана интеллектуальная система, базирующаяся на технологиях функциональных семантических сетей. Для выявления корректности функционирования интеллектуальной системы SEMANTIC проведена экспериментальная проверка ее работоспособности. В статье описана методика экспериментальных исследований, целью которых являлось сравнение фактических погрешностей обработки отверстий с погрешностями обработки, прогнозируемыми системой SEMANTIC на основе использования функциональных семантических сетей. В ходе исследований устанавливались зависимости смещений осей обрабатываемых отверстий от подачи и частоты вращения инструмента при сверлении отверстий сверлом из быстрорежущей стали. Приведены результаты анализа предельных и вероятных значений составляющих суммарной погрешности обработки. Показано, что при оценке точности обработки следует учитывать вероятностный характер проявления составляющих суммарной погрешности, задающих ее верхнюю границу, как это и реализовано в описанной интеллектуальной системе. С помощью семантической сети сопоставлены погрешности расположения осей отверстий, обрабатываемых при допустимых подачах и частотах вращения сверла, и соответствующие им экспериментальные значения. На основе экспериментальных исследований подтверждена возможность использования подхода прогнозирования суммарной погрешности обработки, базирующегося на применении технологии функциональных семантических сетей.

Plasma hardening of medium carbon steels

The structure, size and hardness of the zone of hardening of pre-annealed steels (30XHMA, 34XH1M, 35XH2Φ, 38XΓH, 40XHMA, 40XH2MA, 45) was studied after treatment with a plasma arc of direct polarity. It was shown that plasma hardening forms a thin layer of martensitic-austenitic structure with variable composition and hardness on the treated steel surface. The zone subjected to hardening was represented by marten site of different dispersion and ferrite veins. Between the quenching zone and the base metal there was a transition zone with a gradient structure of plate perlite and elements of perlite-ferrite base, the share of which was gradually increasing. The structural-phase structure of this zone provided a smooth transition of mechanical properties from the hardened layer to the base metal. Dependences for management of a structural condition, hardness and depth of a zone of hardening were determined. © 2019 Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Желчнокаменная болезнь среди медицинского персонала поликлиники: факторы риска ее развития в разных профессиональных группах

The aim. Identification of risk factors for gallstone disease (GDS) development between different professional groups of polyclinic medical staff. Material and methods. 75 medical staff members were divided into two groups (1st group: 30 doctors; 2nd group: 45 nurses). All of them were interviewed fo r information about profession, gender, age, waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), smoking, arterial hypertension (AH), diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypercholesterolemia. In addition, women were interviewed about the number of pregnancies, ostmenopause and taking oral contraceptive pills (OCPs). To assess physical activity, a short international questionnaire on physical activity (IPAQ) was used. To identify the presence of professional burnout (PB) syndrome we applied the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) questionnaire, adapted by N.Е. Vodopianova for medical staff. At the final stage, the data of abdominal organs ultrasound examination were analyzed based on the materials of medical staff outpatient records. Results. The GSD prevalence among doctors was 33.3%, and 24.4% among nurses. In both groups age, AH, weight, WC and BMI contribute to GSD formation. In the first group of individuals with GSD, the level of total cholesterol (TC) was significantly higher. In the same group extremely high PB, postmenopause (p <0.05) and hypodynamia (p <0.1) were much more common. In the second group, there were more DM cases and pregnancies (p <0.05). Conclusion. The medical staff of the clinic has a high GSD incidence, whose frequency depends not only on classical risk factors prevalence, but is also determined by profession peculiarities, characterized by high psychological stress and lower physical activity of physicians, compared to nurses.Цель исследования. Выявить факторы риска развития желчнокаменной болезни (ЖКБ) среди медицинского персонала поликлиники в разных профессиональных группах. Материалы и методы. В поликлинике было осмотрено и анкетировано 75 медицинских сотрудников поликлиники, которые были разделены на две группы. В 1-ю были включены 30 врачей; во 2-ю - 45 медицинских сестер. Анализу подвергались такие показатели, как профессия, пол, возраст, объем талии (ОТ), индекс массы тела (ИМТ), курение, наличие артериальной гипертензии (АГ), сахарного диабета (СД), гиперхолестеринемии, постменопаузы; у женщин – количество беременностей и прием оральных контрацептивов (ОК). Для оценки физической активности применяли краткий международный опросник по физической активности (IPAQ). Для выявления симптомов профессионального выгорания (ПВ) использовали опросник Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), адаптированный Н.Е. Водопьяновой для медицинских сотрудников. На конечном этапе анализировались данные ультразвукового исследования органов брюшной полости по амбулаторным картам медицинских работников. Результаты. Распространенность ЖКБ среди врачей составила 33,3%, и 24,4% среди медицинских сестер. В обеих группах на формирование ЖКБ влияют возраст, наличие АГ, вес, ОТ, ИМТ. В первой группе лиц с ЖКБ уровень общего холестерина был достоверно выше (ОХ). В этой же группе ПВ крайне высокой степени, постменопауза (p<0,05) и гиподинамия (p<0,1) встречались значительно чаще. В группе медицинских сестер с ЖКБ отмечалось преобладание лиц с СД и большее число беременностей (p<0,05). Заключение. У медицинского персонала поликлиники имеет место высокая распространенность ЖКБ, частота которой зависит не только от распространенности классических факторов риска, но и определяется особенностями профессиональной деятельности, характеризующейся высокой психологической нагрузкой и более низкой физической активностью врачебного персонала, по сравнению с медицинскими сестрами