Direct laser interference patterning for photocatalytically active self-cleaning surfaces

Laser surface structuring has long proven to be a suitable tool to produce surfaces that repel both water and bacteria on actively antibacterial and inert surfaces. As a mostly undesired side effect, the laser induced surface oxidation, that occurs when producing the pattern can also have a significant effect on the behavior of the surface. For this reason, the focus of this work is to employ direct laser interference patterning to not only affect the surface topography of titanium but to simultaneously produce a precisely tailored oxide layer. Using this approach, photocatalytically active surfaces were produced. Those surfaces can produce a variety of radicals when illuminated with UV-A light which are then used to degrade organic compounds like bacteria or organic waste. With this in mind, this work aims to develop a one-step production method for self-cleaning surfaces that uses not only the lasers topographical but also its chemical surface modifications to produce photocatalytically active surfaces with high surface area

Mechanical reliability of dental grade zirconia after laser patterning

The aim of this work is to test the mechanical properties of dental zirconia surfaces patterned with Nd:YAG laser interference (¿¿=¿532¿nm and 10¿ns pulse). The laser treatment produces an alteration of the topography, engraving a periodic striped pattern. Laser-material interaction results mainly in thermal effects producing microcracking, phase transformation and texturization. The role of such microstructural modifications and collateral damage on the integrity and mechanical performances has been assessed. Laser patterned discs of zirconia doped with 3% mol yttria (3Y-TZP) have been tested before and after a thermal treatment to anneal residual stresses and revert phase transformation. Both groups of samples behave in a similar manner, excluding residual stresses and phase transformation from the origin of properties modification. Result show that laser patterning induces a minor decrease in mechanical properties and surface integrity of 3Y-TZP surfaces. The biaxial strength decreases as a consequence of the damage induced by laser patterning. Fractographic observations identify preexisting defects enlarged by local laser interaction as the fracture origins. The Hardness and Young modulus of treated surfaces tested with nanoindentation also decrease slightly after laser treatment and this may be attributed to laser-induced microcracking.Peer ReviewedPreprin

Direct patterning of polystyrene–polymethyl methacrylate copolymer by means of laser interference lithography using UV laser irradiation

The fabrication of functionalized surfaces on polymericsubstrates is of importance in chemistry, biology,physics, and material science. Examples of functionalsurfaces are micro/nano periodic arrays that can befabricated using different methods. However, many ofthese techniques require several fabrication steps. Inthis communication, we report the fabrication of advancedarchitectures in poly(methylmethacrylate)?polystyrene(PMMA?PS) copolymers using direct laserinterference patterning. Because of the mixed opticalproperties of the copolymers, a different type of periodicarchitectures could be fabricated when comparedwith traditional pure polymers. This new type of periodicstructures results from the local swelling of thecopolymer due to the formation of gaseous productsinduced by the laser radiation. Additionally, relativelylow laser fluences are necessary to initiate the ablationprocess of the copolymers.Fil: Lasagni, A.F.. Universitat Saarland; AlemaniaFil: Acevedo, Diego Fernando. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Química; Argentina. Universitat Saarland; Alemania. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Barbero, César Alfredo. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Química; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Mücklich, F.. Universitat Saarland; Alemani

Growth and thermal stability of TiN/ZrAlN: Effect of internal interfaces

Wear resistant hard films comprised of cubic transition metal nitride (c-TMN) and metastable c-AlN with coherent interfaces have a confined operating envelope governed by the limited thermal stability of metastable phases. However, equilibrium phases (c-TMN and wurtzite(w)-AlN) forming semicoherent interfaces during film growth offer higher thermal stability. We demonstrate this concept for a model multilayer system with TiN and ZrAlN layers where the latter is a nanocomposite of ZrN- and AlN- rich domains. The interfaces between the domains are tuned by changing the AlN crystal structure by varying the multilayer architecture and growth temperature. The interface energy minimization at higher growth temperature leads to formation of semicoherent interfaces between w-AlN and c-TMN during growth of 15 nm thin layers. Ab initio calculations predict higher thermodynamic stability of semicoherent interfaces between c-TMN and w-AlN than isostructural coherent interfaces between c-TMN and c-AlN. The combination of a stable interface structure and confinement of w-AlN to nm-sized domains by its low solubility in c-TMN in a multilayer, results in films with a stable hardness of 34 GPa even after annealing at 1150 °C.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Deposition rate controls nucleation and growth during amorphous/nanocrystalline competition in sputtered Zr-Cr thin films

Dual-phase Zr-based thin films synthesized by magnetron co-sputtering and showing competitive growth between amorphous and crystalline phases have been reported recently. In such films, the amorphous phase grows as columns, while the crystalline phase grows as separated cone-shaped crystalline regions made of smaller crystallites. In this paper, we investigate this phenomenon and propose a model for the development of the crystalline regions during thin film growth. We evidence using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), that this competitive selfseparation also exists in co-sputtered Zr-Cr thin films with Cr contents of ~84-86 at.%, corresponding to the transition between the amorphous and crystalline compositions, and in the Zr-V system. Then, to assess the sturdiness of this phenomenon, its existence and geometrical characteristics are evaluated when varying the film composition and the deposition rate. The variation of geometrical features, such as the crystalline cone angle, the size and density of crystallites, is discussed. Is it shown that a variation in the deposition rate changes the nucleation and growth kinetics of the crystallites. The surface coverage by the crystalline phase at a given thickness is also calculated for each deposition rate. Moreover, comparison is made between Zr-Cr, Zr-V, Zr-Mo and Zr-W dual-phase thin films to compare their nucleation and growth kinetics

Investigation of grain orientations of melt-textured HTSC with addition of uranium oxide, Y2O3 and Y2BaCuO5

Local grain orientations were studied in melt-textured YBCO samples processed with various amounts of depleted uranuim oxide (DU) and Y 2O3 by means of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis. The addition of DU leads to the formation of Ucontaining nanoparticles (Y2Ba4CuUOx) with sizes of around 200 nm, embedded in the superconducting Y-123 matrix. The orientation of the Y 2BaCuO5 (Y-211) particles, which are also present in the YBCO bulk microstructure, is generally random as is the case in other melttextured Y-123 samples. The presence of Y-211 particles, however, also affects the orientation of the Y-123 matrix in these samples