Comparison of antibacterial activity and phytochemical screening of Avicennia marina (Gray Mangrove) leaf, stem, and combined lead and stem extracts against Klebsiella pneumoniae

The leaves and stems of A. marina were extracted with ethanol using soxhlet extraction method. Crude ethanolic extracts were loaded on a silica gel column and eluted with five (5) concentrations of chloroform and methanol. Thin layer chromatography was performed as basis for pooling fractions using the solvent system chloroform: methanol ethyl acetate. Antibacterial assay was carried out using disc diffusion method and was compared to a standard antibiotic, Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole to evaluate their antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae. The research showed that none of leaf and stem fractions were unable to show antimicrobial activity against K. pneumoniae